The Cultural and Developmental Significance of Parenting Processes in Adolescent Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

This study examined the cultural and developmental significance of maternal and paternal parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, conflict, and peer approval) for measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents from Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States (N=6,935). Across all cultural contexts, measures of maternal and paternal support and conflict were most consistently associated with measures of internalizing behaviors. Few differences were observed in the importance of individual parenting processes for anxiety or depression symptoms across cultures. Additionally, with the exception of maternal conflict for anxiety and depression symptoms and paternal closeness for depression symptoms, none of the parenting process dimensions differed in importance for internalizing behaviors across developmental periods (middle versus late adolescence). The investigation provides evidence of great similarity in developmental processes, both across cultural contexts and developmental periods.

Theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour: web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches

Various theories, theoretical viewpoints and models on consumer behaviour stipulate consumers’ offline and online behaviour when purchasing a product or using a service. This article deviates from the purchasing perspective and instead proposes an information and web-based communication message ‘seeking and consumption¹ perspective. This new perspective is theoretically grounded in two new approaches to online consumer behaviour: the web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches; as well as the integration of various theoretical perspectives, approaches, theories and models that address fragments of offline and online consumer behaviour. The research problem is to address the existing limited and fragmented approaches, because existing purchasing perspectives arguably do not provide adequate theoretical criteria to explain online consumer behaviour during interactive information-seeking and consumption activities. Hence, the main aim of this article is to propose new theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour to address these shortcomings.     

The Geography of the Recent Housing Crisis: The Role of Urban Form

This study maps the geography of the recent housing crisis within and across American metropolitan areas, and evaluates how it is related to a series of spatial and socioeconomic variables at neighborhood and metropolitan levels. It finds that the spatial patterns of housing recessions vary widely by region. In general, fast-growing metropolitan areas in the Southwest and Florida experienced not only deeper but also longer housing recessions. In contrast, metropolitan areas in the South (except in Florida) saw shallower and shorter housing recessions. Metropolitan areas in the Midwest and Northeast had fewer price declines in the crisis, but their housing recessions tended to be longer. Housing recessions tend to be deeper and longer in larger metropolitan areas. Neighborhoods located closer to city centers experienced shallower and shorter recessions compared with those in fringe areas. Even after controlling for many other variables, automobile dependency is still a strong and positive predictor of housing recession depth and duration. The effects of other urban form variables, such as land-use density and mixed use, are mixed and vary by region. The significance of the effects of neighborhood demographic variables on recession depth is highly dependent on the inclusion of high-risk loan in the model, suggesting that predatory and high-risk lending is one major reason why lower income and minority neighborhoods were hit harder by the recent housing crisis. The effects of high-risk loan and neighborhood demographic variables on housing recession duration, however, are rather weak.     

A step towards improving workflow practices for volume crime investigations: outcomes of a 90-day trial in South Australia

The provision of forensic science services in volume crime investigations works most successfully as a partnership between police agencies and external forensic laboratories as opposed to a client/provider model where unlimited demand ignores finite resources. The principles of Lean Six Sigma have been applied in various laboratories to improve workflow through identification of wasteful work practices. These strategies are aimed at process optimisation through the application of triaging, a concept that has rarely been studied yet referenced strongly in the literature. The South Australia End to End 90-Day Trial: facilitating quicker justice through timely evidence processing, is a collaborative approach between South Australia Police and Forensic Science South Australia. This trial applied evidence-based policing principles, a law enforcement philosophy that uses research undertaken with scientific processes to inform law-enforcement decision-making. The results demonstrate how a review of processes and the removal of non-value adding activities can improve service delivery while not exhausting those ‘finite resources’.     

益气养阴活血法对糖尿病合并脑缺血大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子表达及空间学习记忆的影响

目的 观察益气养阴活血法对糖尿病合并脑缺血大鼠空间学习记忆能力及脑源性神经营养因子（brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF）表达的影响,并运用工具药（BDNF的Trk受体抑制剂）证实BDNF通路在其中的作用。方法 将大鼠分为假手术组、模型对照组（糖尿病合并脑缺血伴气阴两虚、瘀血阻络证）、益气养阴活血组、益气养阴活血+K252a组、益气活血组,每组20只,选用具有益气养阴活血作用的人参、川芎、玉竹、黄精组合,运用免疫组织化学法和Morris水迷宫实验观察益气养阴活血药对糖尿病合并脑缺血模型大鼠空间学习记忆的作用及对BDNF表达的影响。结果 与模型对照组比较,益气养阴活血药物和益气活血药物均可以明显增加糖尿病合并脑缺血大鼠海马齿状回BDNF的表达（P<0.01）,益气养阴活血药物显著缩短模型大鼠找到水下平台的潜伏期（P<0.01）,益气养阴活血药物和益气活血药物均显著延长大鼠在原水下平台的停留时间（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,其中益气养阴活血药物效果优于益气活血药物（P<0.05）。侧脑室注射K252a可以阻断益气养阴活血药物促进模型大鼠的空间记忆能力的恢复（P<0.01）。结论 益气养阴活血药物可能通过促进模型大鼠海马齿状回BDNF的表达而改善空间记忆功能。     

石菖蒲水提物对PC12细胞增殖及细胞突起的作用

目的 研究石菖蒲水提物对PC12细胞增殖及细胞突起的作用,观察药物是否具有神经营养功能或促进细胞分化的功能。方法 采用细胞计数试剂盒检测不同浓度的石菖蒲水提物对细胞活力的影响;采用Image J软件统计PC12细胞的梭型细胞率、细胞分化率、细胞突起长度及阳性细胞分化率,以评价石菖蒲水提物对细胞分化的影响。结果 石菖蒲水提物在完全培养条件和低血清培养条件下对PC12细胞增殖有显著的促进作用,对细胞突起的长出、分支、延伸有明显的抑制作用。结论 石菖蒲水提物具有一定的神经营养功能。