Territorial nationalism in spatial rivalries: An institutionalist account of the argentine‐chilean rivalry

The rivalry concept explored in the conflict literature during the past decade offers considerable potential for theory building in international relations. This paper explores one possible avenue to this end by applying insights from historical institutionalism to a case of spatial rivalry in order to explain many of the findings from the quantitative literature. As I demonstrate in this paper, the focus on issues is a good start at explaining rivalry, yet it masks important underlying domestic processes that initiate, maintain, and terminate rivalries. I explain how the “issue” of territory came to be fused with national identity in the case of Argentina‐Chile resulting in a history of conflict and classification as an enduring rivalry. I draw on this case to argue that territorial nationalism may explain why seemingly disparate territorial conflicts separated by time and space can be considered linked to form a spatial rivalry.     

陕甘宁边区民事法律创制的主要方式探析

边区政府创制民事法律的活动,是边区法制建设中的重要环节。在创制民事法律的过程中,边区政府采用了单行法为主的法律创制方式,同时,又以自主创制民事法律与有条件地援引国民政府法令相结合,自立创制与有条件地援引国民政府法令相结合,成文法与习惯法互补,法的实施与司法解释,重点创制与逐步完善相结合,以及采取概括式与列举式和划分总则与分则的立法技术。这些方式,使边区的民事立法与边区的实际紧密结合,其所坚持的实事求是的精神和重视调查研究,注重法律创制和边区的社会发展阶段相适应的做法,为当代中国的法律建设,提供了有益的历史经验。     

城市房地产价格空间结构研究前沿动态————基于城市经济学的视角

本文从城市经济学的视角出发,梳理了城市房地产价格空间结构的理论演进脉络和实证研究,为国内开展房地产价格空间结构研究提供借鉴。研究指出城市房地产价格空间结构研究通常是通过估算价格梯度（竞租曲线斜率）来衡量的。国外城市经济学者在三类假设（单中心假设,多中心假设,对城市空间结构不事先假设）三大方法（早期的负指数函数模型、特征价格模型和改进的重复销售模型）下展开价格梯度估算研究的。最后对国内的研究进行了评论和展望。     

Bioinformatics Approach to Assess the Biogeographical Patterns of Soil Communities: The Utility for Soil Provenance,

Soil DNA profiling has potential as a forensic tool to establish a link between soil collected at a crime scene and soil recovered from a suspect. However, a quantitative measure is needed to investigate the spatial/temporal variability across multiple scales prior to their application in forensic science. In this study, soil DNA profiles across Miami‐Dade, FL, were generated using length heterogeneity PCR to target four taxa. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the biogeographical patterns of soils to determine whether soil biota is spatially correlated with geographic location and (ii) evaluate five machine learning algorithms for their predictive ability to recognize biotic patterns which could accurately classify soils at different spatial scales regardless of seasonal collection. Results demonstrate that soil communities have unique patterns and are spatially autocorrelated. Bioinformatic algorithms could accurately classify soils across all scales with Random Forest significantly outperforming all other algorithms regardless of spatial level.     

The Social Psychology of Policy Analysis

This article illustrates how some of the core concepts of social psychology can increase understanding of the practice of policy analysis. Policy analysis is shown to be a form of rhetoric subject to social psychological principles of attitude change. The article argues that policy analysts are primarily concerned with changing policymakers' beliefs about the consequences of alternative policies, but that preferences for alternative policies are largely the result of values. Values are formed and modified primarily by social comparison processes, conformity pressures, and the dynamics of group decision making rather than by rational argument. As a result, policy analysts could become more effective by addressing issues of values in their analyses or by mediating the social processes that might interfere with good policy choices.     

WarViews: Visualizing and Animating Geographic Data on Civil War

In the recent years, the field of conflict research has produced new findings on the relation between conflict and geography. In doing so, new data sets have been created with the help of GIS software. These data sets include variables relevant for the study of conflict with a spatial component. However, the use of geographic data requires specialized software and substantial training and therefore involves high entry costs for researchers and practitioners. This paper introduces the WarViews project whose aim is to create an easy-to-use front end for the exploration of GIS data on conflict. It takes advantage of the recent proliferation of Internet-based geographic software and makes geographic data on conflict available for these tools. With WarViews, geographic data on conflict can be accessed, browsed, and time-animated in a few mouse clicks, using only standard software. As a result, a wider audience can take advantage of the valuable data contained in these databases, for example, as supplementary data for conflict case studies or for classroom demonstrations. We present two versions of WarViews. The static version runs in a web browser and allows the user to switch between different data sets. The dynamic version is based on Google Earth and can time-animate geographic data such that the development over time can be monitored. The WarViews website can be freely accessed at http://www.icr.ethz.ch/research/warviews .     

Interpretive Filters: Social Cognition and the Impact of Turning Points in Negotiation

A number of studies have shown that certain events that occur during a negotiation can alter its course. Referred to as "turning points," these events are precipitated by actions taken either outside or inside the talks that have consequences for outcomes. In this article, we report the results of two experiments designed to examine the impacts of two types of precipitating actions, external and internal. In the first experiment, which focused on external actions, we found that crises — as opposed to breakthroughs — produced more movement in negotiations in which parties viewed the social climate positively (high trust, low power). We found that parties achieved less movement in negative social climates (low trust, high power).
In the second experiment, which focused on internal actions, we found that cooperative precipitants (factors inducing change) were more likely to occur when parties negotiated in the context of positive social climates. Negotiation outcomes were also influenced by the climate: we found better individual outcomes for negotiations that occurred in positive climates (high trust, cooperative orientations). Inboth experiments, the social climate of the negotiation moderated the effects of precipitating factors on negotiation outcomes. Perceptions of trust and power filter the way negotiators interpret actions that occur outside or are taken inside a negotiation, which can lead to agreements or impasses.     

Information and Values in Popular Protests: Costa Rica in 2000

The mass demonstrations in Costa Rica in 2000 opposing a government initiative to deregulate the electricity and telecommunications markets point to the importance of the paths of communication between the people and government leaders to understand mass political mobilisation. This article explains the surprising reaction of the Costa Rican public by focusing on the unwillingness or inability of the policy-makers to articulate their position in a way acceptable to the citizenry, leaving public space under the dominant influence of social organisations that opposed the initiative.     

水墨艺术在平面设计中空间的拓展

水墨是中国美术的独特产物,具有很浓重的传统民族风格和特点。中国水墨艺术正在脱离原有的传统模式,也在朝着设计的方向发展,现代平面设计慢慢地扩大了自己的设计范围,也不断渗透、水墨元素于其中,其主要表现形式、内涵为平面设计提供了丰富的养料。本文就从水墨在空间中的意蕴来分析平面设计中的空间形式,以期寻找中国的民族绘画与平面风格的结合点,充分挖掘发展民族风格的本土艺术。     

电子政务环境下政府业务流程再造新探

我国电子政务已进入了深度运用阶段,而政府业务流程再造则成为制约其发展的瓶颈。除了发展电子信息技术外,当前再造政府业务流程尤其应注重分门别类、协调相关部门规范化地推行,以及应注重公务员队伍及其文化建设的创新。