对我国《治安管理处罚法》的立法构想

在依法治国的今天,公安机关进行治安处罚所依据的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》已不适应当前法治建设的要求,公安行政立法的指导思想应该从管理法模式向控权与管理两法兼顾模式转变,突出行政程序对行政权力的制约,以保护行政相对方的合法权益,从而体现现代行政立法保护人权的理念和法治要求。     

补强证据的论证可视化工具

Artificial intelligence and argumentation studies have recently developed new tools for argument visu-alization that are useful for analyzing the structure of different kinds of reasoning about evidence in law.This paper studies how three such     

A Holistic Multi-Scale Approach to Using 3D Scanning Technology in Accident Reconstruction

Three-dimensional scanning and documentation methods are becoming increasingly employed by law enforcement personnel for crime scene and accident scene recording. Three-dimensional documentation of the victim's body in such cases is also increasingly used as the field of forensic radiology and imaging is expanding rapidly. These scanning technologies enable a more complete and detailed documentation than standard autopsy. This was used to examine a fatal pedestrian-vehicle collision where the pedestrian was killed by a van while crossing the road. Two competing scenarios were considered for the vehicle speed calculation: the pedestrian being projected forward by the impact or the pedestrian being carried on the vehicle's bonnet. In order to assist with this, the impact area of the accident vehicle was scanned using laser surface scanning, the victim was scanned using postmortem CT and micro-CT and the data sets were combined to virtually match features of the vehicle to injuries on the victim. Micro-CT revealed additional injuries not previously detected, lending support to the pedestrian-carry theory.     

中国劳动关系研究及其未来发展 —— 基于知识图谱方法

本文借助Cite Space,使用共被引分析和共词分析方法对CSSCI数据库中相关文献进行研究,发现当前我国劳动关系研究正逐步成熟,形成了由重要影响研究者为核心的学术群体,确立了本研究领域的特色期刊。尽管如此,劳动关系研究仍有进一步改进之处,需增进研究者之间交流,加强劳动关系研究的学科相关性。当前劳动关系研究主要集中于劳动法、企业劳动关系、人力资源管理、工会和和谐劳动关系五个方面,并且正由企业劳动关系、劳动法和人力资源管理向工会(集体谈判)和和谐劳动关系研究过渡。     

基于聚集机理显现潜指纹发光材料的研究进展

由于潜指纹具有独一无二、终生不变的特点,且包含了人体丰富的化学信息(如内源性物质、外源性物质),故常被称之为个体“信息银行”。指纹的检测已不仅在法医鉴定、个体识别方面起着重要作用,同时还广泛的应用于日常生活中的安全检验和访问控制等领域。尽管DNA分析对个体识别方面,得到了极大的发展,但对潜指纹的显现和分析,仍然是公安技术人员获得个人可靠信息的主要来源。在过去的几十年里,研究人员朝着无损、快速、简易和高效的实现对潜指纹显现的目标出发,开发了许多新的技术和新的材料,也在一定程度上解决了传统潜指纹显现材料对人体伤害较大(如粉尘污染、光学伤害等)的问题,但潜指纹显现在灵敏度及无损检测方面仍然面临着较大的挑战。通过对近年来指纹显现材料与潜指纹的相关成分在溶液中通过疏水-疏水作用、静电作用或抗体-抗原相互作用等,在指纹的嵴上聚集后显现潜指纹的角度出发,对该类潜指纹显现材料的设计和研究进展进行了系统性综述。     

案事件数据可视化研判平台的构建与应用展望

伴随信息化技术的普及,如何利用重大案事件现场勘查结果发掘要素关联关系及关键物证关联的外源信息,对现场勘查的调度指挥和定罪量刑具有极其重要的作用。作者在对国内外现场勘查技术的新进成果进行综述的基础上,以案事件要素关联机理为基准,现场要素可视化技术为核心,开展现场要素数据关联研判及可视化技术分类研究。本文从总体框架、功能模块、关联模式和方案设计等方面,介绍了现场勘验数据可视化展示与目标关联分析研判平台构建内容,并对研发出的案事件数据可视化研判平台的应用前景进行展望。     

四氯四碘荧光素和四甲基联苯胺显现指印效果的比较实验

四氯四碘荧光素是一种高效快捷、安全无害而且成本低廉的试剂,在血指印的显现方面具有传统显现方法不具备的优势。通过四氯四碘荧光素和四甲基联苯胺的显现效果进行比较,四氯四碘荧光素显现液在显现血指印方面具有的优势是:适用范围广泛,弥补了传统显现方法的不足;无毒副作用,对人体不会造成伤害;操作简便;显现的指印可长时间保留;配制简便,成本低廉,省时、省力,便于推广使用;对黑色皮革和黑色橡胶等黑色客体上的血指印效果要比四甲基联苯胺好。     

Optical enhancement of fingerprint deposits on brass using digital color mapping

Abstract: The reflection of visible light from α‐phase brass subject to surface oxidation in air at elevated temperatures is investigated. X‐ray photoelectron and auger electron spectroscopy confirm that covered areas of brass (not exposed to air) display dezincification but an absence of significant surface oxidation, confirming a differential oxidation mechanism. Visualization of differential oxidation is shown to be enhanced by selective digital mapping of colors reflected from the surface of the brass using Adobe^® Photoshop^®. Enhancement is optimal when the brass is heated to ～250°C with areas of oxidation having a mirror‐like appearance. The use of this enhancement method to produce a faithful image of fingerprint ridge characteristics is demonstrated on brass shell casings where fingerprints were deposited prefiring.     

The effect of electrostatic fingerprint visualization on integrated ballistic identification systems

Visualization of fingerprint corrosion on spent brass cartridge cases by the application of a high electrical potential and conducting carbon powder is becoming an accepted method of fingerprint enhancement. However, to date, no examination has been made of any effect this technique has on ballistic identification. To resolve this, images of the breech face and firing pin marks were captured on six plated nickel and six brass primer cup spent cartridge cases. Three nickel and three brass cases were then subjected to the application of a potential of +2500 V for a period of 1 min. The remaining cases were additionally subjected to the application of carbon powder. These latter cases were then washed to remove all traces of powder. Each case was recaptured with the same ballistic identification apparatus and imaging procedure. None of the twelve cases showed any visual difference after the application of the potential or conducting powder.