Suicidal Decapitation by Guillotine: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract: Suicidal decapitation is seldom encountered in forensic medicine practice. This study reports the analysis of a suicide committed by a 31‐year‐old man with a self‐fabricated guillotine. The construction of the guillotine was very interesting and sophisticated. The guillotine‐like blade with additional weight was placed in a large metal frame. The movement of the blade was controlled by the frame rails. The steel blade was triggered by a tensioned rubber band after releasing the safety catch. The cause of death was immediate exsanguination after complete severance of the neck. The suicide motive was most likely emotional distress after the death of his father. In medico‐legal literature, there has been only one similar case of suicidal complete decapitation by a guillotine described.     

Revisiting the Special Sensitivity Hypothesis: The Prison Experience of White-Collar Inmates

Despite recent increases in the use of incarceration for white-collar offenders, little is known about the prison experiences of these individuals or how they adjust to imprisonment. Although empirical evidence is lacking, a widespread view has prevailed that white-collar offenders have a “special sensitivity” to imprisonment—that they experience more pains and cope less well within the society of captives. Based on a sample of 366 federal prison inmates, we assessed the special sensitivity hypothesis. The analyses revealed that white-collar inmates are not more likely to experience negative prison adjustment. In some regards, white-collar inmates had fewer institutional problems and were more likely to cope with prison life successfully. Results thus call into question the merits of the special sensitivity hypothesis and are consistent with the view expressed earlier by Michael Benson and Francis Cullen that white-collar offenders may possess attributes and resources sufficient for their successful adaptation to life in prison.     

以物抵债的理论与实践

以物抵债包括代物清偿与狭义的以物抵债两种,不同于新债清偿、专为清偿,在我国现行法上均为无名合同,应被法律认可。在判决、裁决以物抵债的,抵债之物的所有权不因判决、裁决送达当事人处时而移转,只有办理完毕抵债之物的所有权过户登记（不动产场合）或完成交付（动产场合）时才发生移转。     

Australian Councils Unelected by the Citizens in an Indigenous Setting: The Case of Nhulunbuy in the Northern Territory

Within the Australian democratic nation there are towns where the citizens are governed by administrations that have not been democratically elected by the residents. These unique residential centres are termed ‘special purpose towns’ that can be transformed to a permanent community governed by a democratic structure through a process termed normalisation. This paper examines the special purpose mining town of Nhulunbuy in the Northern Territory of Australia, which is on the cusp of the normalisation process. The paper outlines the similarities and differences of local government roles and responsibilities with Australian towns or shires that have publicly elected executive members. How Indigenous people are facilitating the normalisation of Nhulunbuy, through cultural perceptions of opportunity, is discussed. A concluding focus challenges well established conventional frameworks endorsing the roles of governments and miners in the normalisation phenomenon.     

犯罪心理测试技术存在的问题及完善方法

中国的犯罪心理测试技术经过三十年的发展,初步建立了心理测试的科学体系,测试技术在中国起步并呈现良好的发展势头,但是在发展实践中仍然存在诸多问题,文章提出了相应的解决对策,对犯罪心理测试技术的科学发展具有指导意义。     

刑法立法模式的刑事政策考察

刑法立法模式是指国家立法机关在进行刑法立法时所采用的标准样式。纵观现代世界各国的立法现状,刑法立法模式主要有单一法典型立法模式、特别刑法立法模式、判例型刑法立法模式和修正型刑法立法模式。每种刑法立法模式都有其各自的刑事政策功能。从中国刑法立法的现状看,主要存在以下问题:(1)没有形成固定、成熟的刑法立法模式;(2)刑法立法模式单一、呆板,缺乏活力;(3)刑法修正案模式不能适应刑法立法的全部需要;(4)附属刑法立法模式没有发挥应有的作用。为了适应国家打击和控制犯罪的需要,我国的刑法立法模式应当做如下调整:(1)建立刑法典、特别刑法和刑法修正案相结合的刑法立法模式;(2)根据刑事政策的需要选择不同的刑法立法模式;(3)调整附属刑法立法模式的结构。     

潘蓉案的美国式判决

潘蓉案的争点是因市政工程带来的不动产升值要否从征收补偿额中扣除。美国法要区分被征收财产的所有人从市政工程改造中得到的利益是作为纳税人得到的一般利益,还是在一般利益之外的特殊利益。如果是特殊利益,则要从补偿额中作相应扣除。将潘蓉案放到美国法语境中,潘蓉也得不到完全与市场价等值的补偿。     

西方学者视野中的中国经济特区

西方学者对中国经济特区的研究分为三个阶段,第一阶段(1980—1984)为研究的起步阶段,研究文献数量不多,内容的广度和深度不足。第二阶段(1985—1991)为研究的蓬勃发展阶段,研究的领域大大拓宽,有较高的理论和学术深度。第三阶段(1992年至今)为研究的进一步深化阶段,涉及的内容更广泛,大量开展跨学科研究。西方学者重点研究了经济特区成立的背景、原因、性质、特点、发展战略、影响、经验启示等。     

浅谈儿童权利保护立法的专门性问题

这些年来,我们在未成年人保护立法无论从理念上还是制度建设上都上了一个大台阶,立法比以前完善了许多。但是,仍然有大量的专门性立法缺失。笔者主要从几个对儿童的生存权与发展权具有重要影响的方面来简要分析我国目前儿童权利保护的专门立法状况。     

浅谈化学实验室的科学管理

化学实验室的科学管理,主要是指对仪器设备与试剂用品的使用和保管。在管理过程中,要特别注意对常用易燃易爆物品等危险性试剂进行管理,并根据不同的管理对象采取相应的管理措施。为了保证管理具科学性和针对性,必须知悉仪器设备和化学试剂的物理特征和化学特性。