浅议政治经济化对当代中国政治的影响

在社会主义市场经济快速发展的大环境下,经济已经渗透到了政治的方方面面,而且对政治的影响也在日益增强,政治经济化已经成为当代中国政治的基本特征。为了满足日益提高的社会经济发展水平的需求,促进中国政治和政治经济化的快速发展,我们必须看到政治经济化对当代中国政治的影响,从而为提高我国整体经济实力打下坚实的基础。     

高等学校对学生纪律处分的法理分析

由于高等学校对学生纪律处分和纠纷解决的立法不完善,导致各高校纪律处分的实施和对被处分学生的救济方式大相径庭。本文探讨了高校纪律处分的法律依据、纪律处分的性质及其与行政处罚的关系,认为高校纪律处分是一种惩戒性的具体行政行为,被处分学生不服可以提起行政诉讼。     

简析行政复议机关的被告地位问题

行政复议机关能否以及在什么情况下应当作为行政诉讼的被告,虽然我国行政诉讼法及相关司法解释对此已有了明确的规定,但理论界还有不同的看法.完全肯定说与完全否定说均有明显不妥,而折中说相对而言较为合理但也还有弊端,可以考虑修改相关法条.     

USING RANDOM JUDGE ASSIGNMENTS TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF INCARCERATION AND PROBATION ON RECIDIVISM AMONG DRUG OFFENDERS*

Most prior studies of recidivism have used observational data to estimate the causal effect of imprisonment or probation on the probability that a convicted individual is rearrested after release. Few studies have taken advantage of the fact that, in some jurisdictions, defendants are assigned randomly to judges who vary in sentencing tendencies. This study investigates whether defendants who are assigned randomly to more punitive judges have different recidivism probabilities than defendants who are assigned to relatively lenient judges. We track 1,003 defendants charged with drug-related offenses who were assigned randomly to nine judicial calendars between June 1, 2002 and May 9, 2003. Judges on these calendars meted out sentences that varied substantially in terms of prison and probation time. We tracked defendants using court records across a 4-year period after the disposition of their cases to determine whether they subsequently were rearrested. Our results indicate that randomly assigned variations in prison and probation time have no detectable effect on rates of rearrest. The findings suggest that, at least among those facing drug-related charges, incarceration and supervision seem not to deter subsequent criminal behavior.     

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT*

Although much has been learned in recent years about the victimization experiences of women, there remains a considerable knowledge gap with respect to the victimization of women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. In order to confront this issue, we use the large number of cases available in the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2000) to examine the risk and protective factors associated with violent victimization among non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American women. We then describe in more detail the violent incidents against these women, looking for distinguishing patterns across groups. Our results are useful for fine‐tuning theories of victimization to explain variance in violence for females across racial and ethnic subgroups.     

中国民法典总则与分则之间的统辖遵从关系

我国即将通过的民法典包括一千二百多个条文,采取总则与分则相区分的立法模式。这种立法模式是立法体系化和科学化的结果,具有既节约立法成本又方便学习贯彻的优势。从民法发展历史来看,我国民法典编纂采取这种体例模式有其必要性和科学性。在总则与分则相区分的体例下,我国民法典总则编集中体现了立法者的指导思想,规定了民法基本原则和一般规则,充分贯彻了民法基本科学原理,对全部分则的规定具有统辖作用。解决民法典庞大的规范和制度群之间的体系逻辑问题,指出总则与分则之间分工合作、统辖遵从的逻辑关系,提出以总则编作为民法典整体的思想基础、规则效力基础、法理解读科学性基础,是理解民法典体系的关键,亦有助于澄清在我国民法典编纂"两步走"规划的特殊背景下,民法典分则一些编章编纂过程中出现的轻视甚至脱离民法典总则编规则的法理混乱。     

行政撤销权的法律控制

行政撤销权是指行政主体消灭其所作的违法或不当行政行为法律效力的权力。行使撤销权的正当行使具有很多积极意义,然而,如果缺乏对其有效控制则会导致很多弊端。建议应在立法上着重对行政撤销权制约机制的制度设计。包括：确立公共利益优先和信赖保护原则、明确规定适用撤销决定的标准和情形、加强程序设计、建立内部追责机制等等。     

全国人大调查权研究

调查权是立法机关固有的权力,由于议会调查权的行使能够有效地发挥监督政府的作用,因此,外国宪法和法律都对议会调查权作出规定。我国宪法和法律也赋予县级以上各级人民代表大会组织特定问题调查委员会的权力,同时,宪法还规定全国人民代表大会有监督权和重大事项决定权,这些权力的行使说明全国人大的调查权具有宪法依据。由于我国宪法没有明确规定人大的调查权,人大行使调查权的组织和程序也缺乏相应的法律规定,不利于全国人大充分行使这一权力,针对人大调查权难以启动的原因应采取相应的立法措施。     

合同实际履行与损害赔偿制度的经济学思考

合同违约责任的救济措施主要有实际履行与损害赔偿两种,大陆法系强调实际履行的重要性,而英美法系更注重损害赔偿的救济功能,从我国国情和微观经济学的角度出发,我国合同违约救济措施应采纳大陆法系的"严格的效率违约"理论,即原则上应以实际履行为主要救济措施,在实际履行明显不符合效率原则时强调损害赔偿的救济功能,只有这样才能使双方当事人付出的成本最低,而收益最大.