特定责任人的紧急避险权——基于上海“7·17”特大火灾的思考

在我国刑法理论中，紧急避险被规定为是一种排除犯罪性的行为。关于避免本人危险的规定，不适用于职务上、业务上负有特定职责的人。但是现阶段我们不能绝对地否定特定责任人员紧急避险的权利。同时为了避免特定责任人员借紧急避险来规避自己应该承担的职责，应对特定责任人员的紧急避险权利作出一定的限制。     

WTO框架下中国工业补贴方式改进之探析

本文以WTO有关反补贴的多边规则为切入点,深入分析了中国现行工业补贴中潜在的主要问题,同时分析了美国、欧盟、加拿大工业补贴方式的特点及其成功经验,并在此基础之上提出了中国工业补贴方式的改进思路:中国应当从清理禁止性补贴、重塑其他专向性补贴、加强不可诉补贴三个方面构建中国符合WTO多边规则的科学工业补贴体系,从而既可以有效发挥补贴对我国工业发展和国民经济整体发展中的促进作用,同时可以最大程度地降低或避免我国遭受他国反补贴调查的可能性。     

关于刑事司法错误的理论动向：背景、现状及意旨

司法错误是反衬转型中国司法运行状态的重要指标之一。在司法转型的宏观背景下，诉讼法学界开始热烈研讨该论题，但晚近关于司法错误的研究动向却表现出感性、凌杂以及西方中心主义等现状困境。鉴于此，未来的理论走向不仅应张扬刑事司法错误在透视实践、变革制度、深化理论等方面的研讨意义，同时反思进路应更为实证、系统与本土。     

Y-STR analysis on DNA mixture samples—Results of a collaborative project of the ENFSI DNA Working Group

The ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) DNA Working Group undertook a collaborative project on Y-STR typing of DNA mixture samples that were centrally prepared and thoroughly tested prior to the shipment. Four commercial Y-STR typing kits (Y-Filer, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA; Argus Y Nonaplex, Biotype, Dresden, Germany; Powerplex Y, Promega, Madison, WI, USA; and DYSplex-3, SERAC, Bad Homburg, Germany) were used for the amplification of the mixture samples. The results of the study showed a striking inter-laboratory difference of kit performance as determined from the peak heights of the obtained Y-STR genotypes. Variation in quantity and quality of the shipped DNA can be excluded as reason for the observed differences because both samples and shipping conditions were found to be reproducible in an earlier study. The results suggest that in some cases a laboratory-specific optimization process is indicated to reach a comparable sensitivity for the analysis of minute amounts of DNA.     

司法口语的语体特征

在司法语境中,话语的表达就不能象日常生活中的话语表达那样自由、随意。无论是司法人员,还是司法相对人的话语,都要受司法语境的制约。司法活动中司法人员的话语称为司法口语。司法人员既是法律的表述者,也是法律实施的主导者,所以,司法口语应该有严格的限制。     

NEIGHBORHOOD STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS,INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ATTITUDES,AND YOUTHS' CRIME REPORTING INTENTIONS*

Although the “stop snitching” phenomenon has brought recent attention to crime reporting, researchers have recognized for a long time the importance of this issue. Early studies focused on individual-level factors related to reporting, but recently, researchers have begun to examine neighborhood-level predictors. Most of these studies, however, omit key individual-level predictors of reporting and provide relatively little insight into the individual-level processes through which neighborhood context might affect reporting. This study uses survey data from a multisite, school-based study to examine whether neighborhood structural characteristics and individual-level attitudes and experiences are related to youths’ intentions to report crime. In addition, we assess whether neighborhood characteristics influence reporting via their effect on individual-level attitudes and experiences. We find that neighborhood poverty has an inverse relationship with crime reporting intentions and that numerous individual-level measures are associated with reporting, including attitudes toward the police, delinquency, and perceptions of the community. Importantly, the effects of neighborhood characteristics are reduced when youths’ attitudes and experiences are included in the model. Taken together, our findings suggest that neighborhood context might affect reporting by shaping the attitudes and experiences of youth.     

认知语境的建构与英语阅读理解

认知语境观揭示语义推理的认知心理依据和心理状态，语篇理解是一个”认知一推理”的动态化过程。认知语境及其在此基础上的预设在语篇处理中占有十分重要的地位，它揭示了语篇理解的认知心理依据，解释并制约着语言的表达与理解。本文从认知角度分析认知语境在阅读教学中的作用，从而指出在阅读教学中，教师应该引导学生运用正确的预设，建构合适的语境，提高学生的阅读能力和阅读速度。     

论刑法上的被害人同意能力

被害人的同意能力是被害人同意生效的要件之一，包括认识能力和控制能力两个要素，在判断上分为事实性和规范性两个层次。同意能力的确定没有统一的标准，既不能从刑事责任能力中直接推导，也不以民法上的行为能力为必要。在刑法有明确规定的情况下，以刑法规定为准；在没有法律规定的情况下，不能简单照搬刑事责任能力和民事行为能力的标准，而是应当具体考虑行为人的年龄和心智状况，结合案件发生的具体场景以及被害人支配的具体法益，综合考量加以确定。     

论期待可能性理论的合理性——基于言伴语境理论的考察

只有在特定语境下才能达成对文本的理解和解释，言伴语境对意义生成具有重要作用。法律解释的言伴语境是当下案件事实。法官处理案件时在其前见的指引下根据法律规定选择、建构案件事实，根据案件事实赋予法律文本以语用意义，并且在语境和文本、案件事实和法律文本之间的多次循环往复中实现解释者和文本的视域融合，使法律文本的意义不断丰富和完善。刑法未规定期待可能性，但对其适用体现了言伴语境对文本意义的作用，因而其存在具有合理性。适用该理论不会打破法律的安定性和灵活性之间的平衡，法官因此而行使自由裁量权不违背现代法治精神。     

民族地区经济社会的梯度结构与人力资源的梯次开发

采取以人力资源开发为先导的发展战略 ,是实现民族地区经济社会超常规发展的必然选择。遵循人力资源开发的基本规律 ,从民族地区经济发展不平衡的梯度结构出发 ,对民族地区人力资源实施梯次开发 ,则是民族地区实施人力资源开发的基本战略选择