我国网络空间中的言论自由

网络空间中的言论自由具有较传统言论自由更高的价值,因此在对其进行规制的时候也应更为谨慎。然而我国在规制网络言论自由的时候不仅存在立法层级不高的问题,而且采取了比规制传统言论自由更加严厉的做法。要改变这种现状,就必须在改变立法理念、完善立法技术的基础上,以法律的形式对网络言论进行规范。     

以刑罚威吓诽谤、诋毁、谣言?——论刑罚权对网络有害信息传播的干预程度

网络有害信息传播行为,应根据法治精神进行规制。对于不同类型的传播行为,应根据针对对象及其利益的不同加以区分对待。运用刑罚权来惩罚传播网络有害信息的行为人,应充分考虑刑罚权出现的正当性问题。只有给客观的、受法律确认或者为公序良俗所认可的利益造成损害或者可能造成损害的情况下,刑罚权出现才可能具有正当性。遏制网络有害信息传播,应特别注意与保障言论自由的平衡。     

言说的短路与表达的困境——公共行政的话语危机分析

当前社会频频发生的话语事件揭示了公共行政的话语危机。一方面,政府言说出现了广泛的短路现象,其表现是政府及其官员的言说缺位,不被信任,难于理解,伤害民众的情感;另一方面,公民表达也存在着许多困境,诸如不被倾听,得不到重视,效率很低等。行政话语危机的原因多种多样,主要与专制政治的历史惯性、权力与权利的不对称、表达能力的欠缺、双边互信的衰落以及官僚语言的特性等密切相关。超越行政话语的危机,要求从理念、制度、技术和技能等方面创造条件,建构和完善多元化的行政对话制度。     

论“理想言谈情境”下的行政参与制度

现代法治原则之下,为实现行政参与权利的充分、有效实现,最佳做法是为利害关系人参与行政过程营造一种“理想言谈情境”。“理想言谈情境”强调参与的平等性和参与后意见表达的自由性,由此,“理想言谈情境”下的行政参与应同时满足“在场性”和“参与实效”两项标准。前者可通过“听证”和“陈述及申辩”权的维护得以实现;后者的实现则有赖于“程序性权利”、行政公开、“禁止片面接触”原则的落实和相关配套制度的构建与完善。同时,还应对行政参与瑕疵采取“差序格局”式的司法审查及处理措施,以设定维护“理想言谈情境”的最后一道防线。     

The flip side of ISP’s liability regimes: The ambiguous protection of fundamental rights and liberties in private digital spaces

Since the inception of the Internet, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have been used to segment cyberspace and make it possible for national states to apply their local laws to conduct having effects within their borders. This is true in particular in the realm of intellectual property. When one looks at the national regulatory regimes supposedly framing the behavior of ISPs, there appear to be more similarities than differences at a first glance. Does this mean that the national or regional legal frameworks regulating the behavior of ISPs, which are increasingly considered to be the sword of public authorities, should be identical in all legal systems? Is it not true that the content of these national or regional legal frameworks regulating the behavior of ISPs should partly depend upon the local trade-offs among conflicting fundamental rights and liberties? Indeed, private power can jeopardize the exercise and the very core of individuals’ prerogatives as much as public power and priorities vary from one legal system to another. This paper therefore seeks to highlight the dependence of national regulatory modes framing the conduct of ISPs upon the strength of certain fundamental rights and liberties. More precisely, while the first part aims to explore the influence of certain fundamental rights and liberties upon the regulatory modes set up by national legislators, and in particular free speech, from the perspective of the user-to-user relationship, the second part of this article is devoted to the protection of these fundamental rights and liberties from the perspective of the intermediary-to-user relationship. It shows that at least within two legal systems the dependence described initially is in reality altered by the prevalence of the intermediary’s interests, even if the latter are in part affected by a recent trend towards more state interventionism. As a result, national solutions appear to be less innovative than foreseen.     

'My tongue is mine ain': Copyright, the Spoken Word and Privacy

This article shows how under the present legislation in the United Kingdom copyright may exist in speech, in particular in interviews and conversations, provided that the words are recorded and constitute an original work. The argument is illustrated and supported by reference to reported cases from throughout the common law world, as well as to news stories and interviews with individuals ranging from Lord Denning to Michael Jackson. Issues arising from the collection of oral history are also discussed. It is further argued that, in addition to the internal analysis of copyright itself, such protection for the spoken word can be justified by the privacy and personality interests of speakers in the use of what they say.     

互联网络·言论自由·未来政治

互联网的发展已经和正在深刻地改变着我们这个世界,它对整个人类的生存方式提出了全方位的挑战。言论自由是宪法所赋予的权利,在网络条件下,基于网络文化的言论自由正在对人类的政治生活施以影响,它将对不同的国家带来不同的结果。     

继承与创新--学习《七一》讲话的体会

江泽民在“七一”讲话中关于国际形势和外交政策的论述内涵丰富,思想深刻,立意高远,充分显示对邓小平外交思想的继承和发展.     

从自由到平等:美国言论自由的现代转型

自1960年代开始,美国言论自由开启了从经典时期向现代的转型。在色情作品、仇恨言论和竞选经费三个领域,言论自由分别与性别平等、种族平等和财富平等正面相遇。通过把"平等"价值引入言论自由这一转型,使色情作品、仇恨言论和竞选经费从单纯的自由问题变为平等与自由间的平衡;同时,为了促进平等,它还强调法律和政策应告别形式中立,必须向弱势群体有所倾斜。这一转型相当于一场言论自由的"新政",终结了言论自由的洛克纳时代,重塑了言论自由的范式和议程,并对当代言论自由的发展产生持续和深远的影响。     

Multiculturalism and Free Speech

Anthony Lester tackles the complex and sensitive issues of multiculturalism and free speech. He explores the various meanings given to multiculturalism, integration and assimilation, as well as the relationship between the right to equality and dignity for ethnic and religious minorities and the right to freedom of expression. Placing our multicultural society in its historical context, he considers the treatment of Commonwealth immigrants in the 1960s and 1970s and discusses more recent confrontations involving racial or religious groups which have raised the right to free speech. He argues that our approach to integration and cultural diversity should promote equality and individuality but resist unreasonable demands to respect customs and practices which, for example, harm the rights of women and children, in the name of misguided multiculturalism. We must guard against political correctness that panders to the thin-skinned but remember that the right to offend does not mean a duty to do so.