Incentives and beneficence

Whether an action is beneficent may depend on its effect on incentives for future behavior of the beneficiary. This strategic consideration makes our moral account of beneficence far more complex than most discussions suggest. Its effect on utilitarian and Kantian moral theories is discussed. In general, strategic incentive considerations recommend institutional rather than individual resolution of many problems, so that moral theory must in part be political and institutional.     

新形势下高校精神文明建设的探索与思考

文章通过对高校在社会主义精神文明建设中的地位、作用、主要任务和存在问题的研究,阐述了加强高校精神文明建设的重要性及其如何加强高校精神文明建设的问题。     

新农村建设中农民精神文化需求探析

人作为社会性存在物,不仅具有物质需求,而且还有精神文化需求。随着农村经济社会快速发展和农民物质生活水平不断提高,农民的精神文化需求越来越旺盛,在建设社会主义新农村、创造新的生产生活方式、构建和谐社会和农村精神文明建设中所占的地位也越来越重要。为此,应从政府、社会公共文化服务层面、农民自身层面不断满足和提升农民的精神文化需求。     

苏区精神是中国共产党人的一座精神丰碑——解读中央领导人关于“苏区精神”的新论述

2011年11月4日,习近平同志在“纪念中央革命根据地创建暨中华苏维埃共和国成立80周年座谈会”上发表重要讲话,提出要“大力弘扬苏区精神”,第一次明确使用了“苏区精神”的概念,概括了苏区精神的内涵,论述了其重要价值及重大现实意义。本文旨在解读、阐释习近平同志这一重要讲话的精神实质,以期通过“大力弘扬苏区精神”,更好地保持中国共产党人的政治本色,推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业。     

Constitutional reform and new patterns of electoral violence: evidence from Kenya’s 2013 elections

In places prone to electoral violence, what effects can constitutional changes have on elites’ incentives to organise conflict? This article develops two hypotheses to address the above question. It proposes that in places where national reforms find sub-national resonance, national and local politicians’ incentives regarding the electoral utility of conflict will align. However, in places where national-level changes fail to be locally relevant, these incentives will deviate from one another. The research illustrates these logics through a controlled comparison of two Kenyan counties: one that experienced electoral violence and the other that maintained peace around the 2013 elections.     

精神利益对人的活力的影响初探

马克思主义理论认为人的活力是人在实践活动过程中表现出来的人的本质力量,它由自主性、积极性和创造性三部分构成。情感、尊重、荣誉、求知、社会交往、实现自身价值及理想信念等精神需要对人的活力的发挥具有重要影响。所以,在实践中重视人们的精神利益要求,更加关注现实中精神利益对人和社会活力的积极和消极影响,是构建充满活力的社会主义和谐社会一个重要因素。     

论人身损害案件中的精神损害法律问题

最高人民法院公布的《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》第一次对 人身损害案件中的精神损害方面做了具体规定,但在司法实践操作中出现了一些问题,应该在立法 上予以完善。     

军人精神动力开发的科学定位

新世纪新阶段,加强军人精神动力开发作为培育战斗精神的一个重要课题,比以往任何时候都显得更为紧迫。对军人精神动力开发进行科学定位,应处理好军人精神动力开发与物质动力开发、军人精神动力开发与客观规律作用、军人精神动力开发与武器装备建设等方面的矛盾关系。     

Public–private partnerships and developing‐country agriculture: Evidence from the international agricultural research system

This study examines the role of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in promoting pro‐poor productivity‐enhancing technological innovation in the international agricultural research system. The study examines the extent to which PPPs are being used to overcome market and institutional failures that otherwise inhibit the development and dissemination of technologies targeted specifically to small‐scale, resource‐poor farmers in developing countries. Drawing on a survey of 75 PPP projects in the international system, findings suggest that while PPPs are changing the way the system manages its research agenda, few partnerships lead to joint innovation processes with the private sector. This indicates the need for closer examination of organizational practices, cultures, and incentives in the international agricultural research system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论生态文明及其法律制度保障

建设生态文明是人类社会历史发展的必然。生态文明是贯穿人类社会始终的一种精神文明,其核心是＂人与自然协调发展＂。环境权在现代文明社会的出现,不但是对权利体系的进一步丰富,而且是人权的进一步发展,更是生态文明的创举。当前,完善生态立法、加强行政执法力度和加大司法介入力度等法律实施的各个环节进行保障,才是生态文明法治的关键。