书法文化的人生密码

书法通常被当作艺术。然而,如果将中国书法仅仅理解为一种艺术,那就曲解和委屈了书法,误读了它对于中国民族的深刻意义。在其他文明中,书法也许只是艺术,但在中国,它却是文化本身。书法、书法史,是中国人的文化基因图表,演绎着中国人的精神世界和性格构造。书之＂法＂与人之＂法＂统一,赋予其＂方不中矩,圆不副规＂的＂从心所欲不逾矩＂的中国式自由意境;刚柔性格,进退智慧,演绎着＂志在飞移＂、＂将奔未驰＂的＂无为而无不为＂的人生大智慧,＂书写＂着儒道佛三位一体的极富弹性的安身立命的基地;真善美贯通,表达了＂风骚之意＂与＂天地之心＂的天作之合,沉默庄严地演奏着中国人高明悠远的灵魂协奏曲。     

论人的精神生活特点及运动规律

随着我国改革开放的不断深入,人们的物质生活水平得到较大提高,然而,人的精神生活问题却日益凸显。精神生活是人类所特有的,随着社会的实践活动产生并发展。精神生活作为人类特有的活动,有其独特的内涵,具有超越性、历史性和多样性、社会性、阶级性等特点,有其运动和发展的规律性。了解和把握精神生活的特点及运动规律对于我们解决人的精神生活问题,建设人的健康精神生活,构建社会主义和谐社会有着十分重要的现实意义。     

"清官政治诉求"的学理分析

关于"清官政治诉求"的核心,目前学界并无定论.大致有两种意见,一种认为是"忠君",一种认为是"逆君"."忠君说"认为"清官政治诉求"虽然是一个"孝亲一忠君一爱民"三位一体的结构,但其核心仍然是"忠君";"逆君说"则认为"清官政治诉求"的核心是在君之上安置一个"理",这个"理"是逆君的,而不是顺君的.牺牲一切现实利益,以致以牺牲生命来捍卫此"理",捍卫此"道统",正是"清官"的本义所在,正是"清官政治诉求"之根本落脚点.在此意义上说,"清官"在中国政治"天-君-民"的三极循环中,正是"天"一极的代表与象征.本文认同"逆君说",并扼要分析了"清官政治诉求"在中国长盛不衰的原因及其现实基础与精神价值.     

Capturing vote-seeking incentives and the cultivation of a personal and party vote

Electoral rules establish incentives that encourage candidates to strike a particular balance between cultivating their own personal reputations and cultivating shared party reputations. Higher levels of intraparty competition stress the need for an individual reputation and minimize the usefulness of a shared, party reputation. We develop a new indicator of intraparty competition that addresses shortcomings pointed out in previously used indicators. We also identify new, particularly intuitive indicators of ”personal” and ”party” vote seeking. Using within-system and across-system variation in parliamentary elections in Japan, we find that candidate manifestos contain more frequent uses of first-person pronouns and candidate names and fewer references to political parties when intraparty competition is stiffest.     

Factors fostering academics to start up new ventures: an assessment of Italian founders’ incentives

Why do university researchers decide to start-up a new venture? How can we distinguish between the different factors influencing such an important decision? To what extent are specific policies activated within universities relevant in the process of new venture creation? In this paper we try to answer these very significant questions, through an empirical analysis performed on a sample of 88 Italian academics involved in the creation of 47 spin-offs between 1999 and 2005. Our findings show that the availability of technologies with a potential for commercial exploitation, the possibility to access university infrastructures and the personal benefits are the most important incentives for academics. More generally, academics’ involvement in creating new ventures is not driven by an entrepreneurial attitude, but rather by the expectation of generating results which will enhance their academic position. Additional investments and efforts made by some universities to create more mechanisms to support spin-offs are not perceived as additional incentives. These results hold after controlling for academic founders’ institutional affiliation, status, and the companies’ growth over their first two years of existence. Implications for public policy and organizational processes are discussed.     

韦纳归因理论在警察工作中的应用

韦纳的归因理论认为,归因方式不同,个体的行为反应和情感反应也不同。就警察来说,不同的归因方式会影响到警察的情感、成就期望和动机、团队归属感和认同感,进而影响到警察队伍的集体效能感。韦纳的归因理论可以广泛应用于警察选拔、培训和工作激励,帮助警察形成积极的归因方式,提高警察的自信心和工作积极性,进而提高整个警察队伍的集体效能感。     

洪大容和“古杭三才”的友谊与东北亚文化

洪大容和"古杭三才"的儒家"益者三友"思想,是东北亚文化交流的组织基础;以追求真正学问之道为文化取向;他们的友谊和文化交流为东北亚文化的发展和东北亚精神家园建设在历史上产生了积极影响。洪大容作为朝鲜的实学家在北学中国,接受西方文化中,确立了"学问的多元化",追求着自主意识,他为东北亚文化在朝鲜的个性发展所作的贡献恰恰丰富了东北亚文化的精神家园,并在历史上起到了承前启后的作用,为东北亚各国各民族的自觉、自立、自信、自强一直产生着积极的影响。     

Political accountability,fiscal conditions and local government performance—cross‐sectional evidence from Indonesia

Why are some local governments more successful than others in managing resources and delivering services? And even more vitally, how can malfunctioning governments be reformed so that they perform their responsibilities more effectively? This article contributes to our understanding of theses overarching questions by exploring the interactions between political institutions and public sector performance in the context of decentralisation and local governance. It shows–both theoretically and empirically–that performance outcomes are determined by the extent to which people can hold their governments accountable through political institutions. The basic hypothesis underlying this research is that political accountability, either by encouraging sanctions upon non‐compliant public agents or simply by reducing the informational gap regarding government activities, will create forceful incentives for elected officials and civil servants to reduce opportunistic behaviour and improve performance. Using a cross‐sectional regression the hypothesis is empirically tested against evidence from newly empowered local governments in Indonesia. The empirical findings broadly support our hypotheses. Improved public services on the ground, both in terms of quantity and quality, require informed and well functioning decision‐making processes that allocate resources to priority areas that meet the demand of the broader community. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

简论科学技术的精神文明效应

当今世界,科学技术对人类社会的影响,比以往任何时代都重要得多。科学技术带给人类社会精神文明巨大效应;随着科学技术的进步和在现实应用中的巨大成就,也产生了一系列问题。事实告诉人们,科学技术是把双刃剑,它带给人类社会的不只是福音,还有灾难。     

精神文明建设与环境保护

环境保护的成败直接关系到社会主义现代化建设的成败.加强社会主义精神文明建设,是保护环境、实现可持续发展战略的根本途径.这不仅要充分认识精神文明建设对环境保护的重要作用,尤其应坚持以人为本,实现社会文明;还应从环境的角度,拓展精神文明建设的新思路,把道德建设放在突出位置.