Trends in domestic animal medico-legal pathology cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory 1998-2010*

Abstract: Pathologists at veterinary diagnostic laboratories receive medico‐legal cases from a variety of animal species for postmortem examination. A search of computerized records of the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada from 1998 to 2010 identified 1706 medicolegal cases. These were categorized according to the history as criminal investigations, anesthetic‐related deaths, insurance, litigation, malpractice cases, and regulatory cases. Statistically significant linear trends in the proportion of medicolegal cases for all animals and criminal cases for companion animals were identified over the 12 year period. Companion animals had significantly greater odds of being a medicolegal case in all categories except for insurance and regulatory cases, compared to noncompanion animals. Based on pathology reports for the 271 criminal cases, 43.1% were consistent with neglect, 29.2% were compatible with non‐accidental injury, 4.80% were poisonings, 10.7% were deemed to be due to natural disease, and 11.43% were inconclusive.     

行政权滥用的预测与防范

行政主体面对在执法中潜在的隐患和未来的不利因素时,因缺乏较好的认知意识和防范机制,在面对权力欲、金钱欲和物质欲望的刺激时容易丧失免疫力,导致以权谋私、权钱交易等为求利益而滥用行政权的问题产生。行政权滥用严重干扰了经济与社会的健康发展,阻碍了国家法治目标的实现。行政权滥用具有事先预防的可能性,本文以政府自身建设为基点,通过对执法程序中可能存在行政权滥用的环节进行事前预测和分析,提出了科学有效的事前防范与控制机制,以此作为实现依法行政的制度保障。     

斑蝥的滥用及检测

斑蝥在我国是一种常用的剧毒中药材,如果使用剂量适量、方法得当,疗效显著,可治疗多种疾病;如果使用不当,可致中毒甚至中毒致死。因斑蝥可入药,对癌症、皮肤病有一定疗效,常有不遵医嘱自行滥用斑蝥治疗某些疾病的事件发生,民间也常有轻信谬传误用斑蝥当作偏方治疗用药。法医实际工作中经常遇到因滥用斑蝥导致中毒或死亡的案件,为此对斑蝥的药性、临床应用、检测方法及发展方向作了介绍,并对滥用斑蝥导致中毒或致死的案例进行了汇总。     

日本专利权当然无效抗辩原则及其启示

当然无效抗辩是指,在专利权侵权民事诉讼中,被告可以直接主张原告专利权＂当然无效＂因而抗辩自己的行为不侵害其专利权。当然无效抗辩具有独立价值,它赋予了法院在个案中认定专利权是否存在无效理由的权力。当然无效抗辩的提出只要具备专利权无效理由这个要件即可,但在除斥期间经过后,被告无权再提出当然无效抗辩,专利权无效审理非适格请求人在专利侵权诉讼中也可以主张当然无效抗辩。由于宪政体制、司法体制等多方面的原因,在暂时尚未具备采纳美国赋予法院最终确认专利权效力做法条件的情况下,作为一个过渡性的措施,在专利权确权机制方面,我国专利法有必要吸纳当然无效抗辩。     

技术标准中专利权垄断行为的理论分析及其法律规制

在专利的标准化及其实施过程中,有可能出现专利权的滥用现象,特别是专利权的垄断行为。技术标准中专利权垄断行为导致专利制度的异化,破坏了知识产权制度的利益平衡原则,并扭曲了公平自由的国际市场经济秩序。美国的反托拉斯法、欧盟的竞争法和日本反垄断法体现了对该种垄断行为的基本态度和解决路径,起到积极的规制作用。我国的《反垄断法》一定程度上加强了对滥用知识产权行为的规制,但并不能全面解决国际贸易中产生的众多垄断行为或者限制竞争行为。在技术标准越来越成为新的技术壁垒的背景下,积极借鉴欧盟和美国等的相关立法,根据我国的国际竞争政策需要,构建我国规制技术标准中的专利权滥用行为的法律体系已成当务之急。     

Individual and Marital Consequences of Victimization: Moderating Effects of Relationship Efficacy and Spouse Support

Marital dissatisfaction and depression are common characteristics of abused women. In this investigation, we attempted to identify variables that might buffer women's marital satisfaction and stability, and their psychological adjustment against the effects of verbal and physical abuse. Verbal and physical victimization had significant negative direct effects on women's marital satisfaction: victimized women were characterized by less satisfaction and less stability regardless of their sense of relationship efficacy or their perceptions of spousal support. However, the effects of victimization on women's depression were moderated by relationship efficacy, perceived intimacy, and acceptance of emotional expression provided by the spouse: nonvictimized women who perceived more support and felt more efficacious, relative to those who felt less support and less efficacy, experienced fewer depressive symptoms, while victimized women who perceived more support and felt more efficacious in their relationships, relative to those characterized by less support and less efficacy, experienced more depressive symptoms. In the context of marital violence, increasing levels of relationship efficacy and perceptions of spouse support may be accompanied by an increase in the risk for depressive reactions.     

保护的底线与严格责任——与苏力教授商榷

20 0 3年 1月 2 3日最高人民法院出台《关于行为人不明知是不满 14周岁的幼女 ,双方自愿发生性关系是否构成强奸罪问题的批复》 ,此批复一出就引发了社会的非议和学者的争论。笔者认为 ,该批复在处罚奸淫幼女行为问题上 ,坚持了主客观一致原则 ,是符合立法本意的 ,也与相关司法解释的精神相吻合 ,实现了保护幼女的公共政策与保障被告人基本人权之间的平衡。     

FROM ADDICTION TO ABSTINENCE: MAXIMIZING THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS

While advances in neuroscience have clearly delineated the areas of the brain that are affected by mood-altering drugs, the success rate of treatment for people dependent upon or addicted to these drugs remains essentially unchanged over the last several decades. This is due in large part to paying inadequate attention to the craving that occurs after discontinuing a mood-altering drug that produces physical dependency. This article will review the changes that occur when one becomes physically dependent on a mood-altering drug and the process to follow in order to maximize the chances of success in maintaining abstinence when drug use has been discontinued.     

知识产权搭售许可的法律规制

在知识经济时代，知识产权在推动经济发展和社会进步中，扮演着十分重要的角色，但知识产权滥用问题也越来越突出，知识产权的搭售许可则是其中尤其引人关注的问题之一。知识产权搭售许可限制了购买者的自由选择权，压制了竞争对手的竞争行为，妨碍了公平竞争秩序，制约了经济发展，通过法律对其规制已成必然。因此，搭售许可的法律规制问题无论在理论方面还是在实践方面都具有相当的重要性。     

Sexual abuse in Canadian university and college dating relationships: The contribution of male peer support

Using data from a Canadian national representative sample survey of male university and college students, this study tested three hypotheses from a theoretical model which attempts to explain the relationship between male peer group dynamics and sexual assault in dating relationships. Consistent with previous research conducted in the United States, the findings reported here show that male peer support is a significant predictor of sexual abuse in post-secondary school courtship. This article concludes with several suggestions for further research.