TAR DNA结合蛋白43的表达与脑损伤的相关性研究进展

TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TAR DNA-binding domain protein 43,TDP-43)是一种高度保守、广泛表达的核蛋白。如今发现TDP-43在大多数神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症患者中表达,为神经退行性疾病相关的标记蛋白。本文从目前国内外的研究现状出发,围绕TDP-43的表达与脑损伤的相关性,在对TDP-43生物学特性认识的基础上,着重探讨TDP-43在急、慢性颅脑损伤中的特殊表达与作用,从而探索TDP-43在法医病理学中确定死亡原因、判定致伤致残情况的可行性。     

溺死诊断的研究进展

对于溺死尸体,尸表检查和解剖检验所见有时会缺乏特异性,溺死诊断一直是法医病理学中最为困难的工作之一。本文从病理学征象、实验室检查、免疫组织化学检验及虚拟解剖技术等方面对溺死诊断的相关研究进行全面、细致的综述,并展望溺死诊断的研究方向。     

Surveillance cameras and crime: a review of randomized and natural experiments

Research on the effectiveness of surveillance cameras in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous research designs of randomized and natural experiments. Included studies that reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking facilities or suburban subway stations. Moreover, surveillance cameras may help reduce unruly behaviour in football stadiums and theft in supermarkets/mass merchant stores. These findings indicate that video surveillance can reduce crime in several settings.     

香港特别行政区法院的违反基本法审查权

基本法不是香港的宪法,根据基本法的规定审查香港立法机关制定的法律是否违反基本法并确定被审查法律的效力的权力,应称之为违反基本法审查权。无论从基本法的规定、香港原有法律传统还是其他法律理论或实践来看,香港法院行使违反基本法审查权均缺乏法律根据。香港法院自我设定违反基本法审查权,混淆了中央与地方权力关系、偏离了基本法设立的香港政治体制、扭曲了基本法与普通法之间的关系。香港特区终审法院自行纠正错误先例,由全国人大常委会解释基本法第17条,并根据基本法第20条授予香港特区终审法院对违反基本法的香港立法机关制定的有关法律的审查权,是解决违反基本法审查权问题的理想方案。     

脑外伤者事件相关电位与神经心理学研究进展

随着信息技术的发展,作为神经电生理学研究前沿之一的事件相关电位,由于为探索人的高级认知功能提供了一个可行而又客观的方法,正日益受到国内外学者的极大关注。神经心理学近年来出现的新的测评工具也使得其本身有了进一步的发展。本文分别对事件相关电位及神经心理学测量的基本内容作出综述,着重介绍两者近年来在颅脑外伤患者认知功能评估中的应用发展,并提出今后相关问题的研究方向。     

通过审查“行政惯例”启动中国违宪审查制度——一条渐进的路径

启动违宪审查关键是要实现从选择主体向选择对象的转变。行政惯例具有可能违宪性、可审查性、审查阻力小的特点,因此可首先通过各级人大及其常委会对行政惯例进行违宪审查,循序渐进地启动中国违宪审查制度：从授权组织的行政惯例到行政机关的行政惯例;从基层地方行政惯例到高层行政惯例;从不成文的行政惯例到成文的行政惯例;从行政惯例到法律、法规、规章,最终实现中国违宪审查的常规化。地方人大及其常委会应具有违宪审查权,以此为行政惯例的审查能从阻力较小的基层展开提供支撑。     

民事法律立法语言失范问题检讨

民事法律立法语言失范是指民事制定法的语言表述违反语言科学规律和相应规则,造成语法错误、语义分歧、逻辑失恰、分类混乱、风格失调、混合交叉等多种谬误。立法语言失范的根本原因在于对立法表达技术的轻视和立法程序设计的不足。立法语言失范降低了制定法的质量,给立法活动、司法实践、法学教育、普法工作带来现实的困难与危害,损害了制定法的庄严性和权威性,同时对语言科学的发展造成破坏。立法机关应当设立立法语言审查机构,清理失范的立法语言,为新法制定设计立法语言前置审查程序,在每一部法律草案提交审议前先行作出立法语言审查,保证提交审议的法律文本语言正确,能够充分表达立法意图。     

美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展

＂9.11＂之后,伴随美国对国家安全的关注度加强,2007年和2008年美国相继出台了FINSA和《外国人合并、收购、接管条例》,对美国外资并购国家安全审查制度做出了重大修改,涉及到审查对象、审查标准、审查程序和审查机构等方面。对审查对象的修改,主要是对＂受管辖的并购交易＂的范围进行了明确,同时对＂不受管辖的并购交易＂做出了列举。对审查标准的修改,主要体现在对＂关键性基础设施＂做出了界定,增加了CFIUS在审查时所考虑的6项因素,明确了与＂国家安全＂相关的＂国家安全担忧＂。对审查程序的修改,增加了审查前磋商、交易方须提供的信息,规定了并购交易审查的重新提起程序。对审查机构的修改,主要体现在增加和变动了CFIUS的成员,引入了牵头部门,加强了国会监督。     

Cocaine‐Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy*

Abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a well‐recognized complication of recreational cocaine use. The precise mechanism of the cocaine‐induced hemorrhagic event is unclear, although multiple factors have been implicated. We report a case of a 62‐year‐old woman who suffered left parieto‐occipital ICH with herniation and death, following a cocaine binge. Microscopic examination also revealed extensive cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the vicinity of the hemorrhage. We additionally studied brain tissue in eight subjects between ages of 60 and 80 who were positive for cocaine metabolites at autopsy; of these, none had vascular amyloid‐β deposits by immunohistochemistry. Whereas we found no evidence that chronic cocaine use is a risk factor for CAA, given the age‐associated nature of CAA and the aging population using cocaine, CAA‐induced hemorrhage in the setting of cocaine use may be more common than recognized. This is the first reported case of CAA‐associated ICH precipitated by cocaine.     

From Abstract to Publication: The Fate of Research Presented at an Annual Forensic Meeting

Abstract: In forensic sciences, the fate of abstracts presented at international meetings has not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study is to estimate publication ratio and evaluate possible predictors of publication after the 58th edition of the 2006 American Academy of Forensic Sciences annual meeting. Section of the meeting, type of presentation (oral platform or poster), number of authors per abstract and per paper, time span to publication, countries involved, and journal of publication were tabulated. A total of 623 abstracts were presented, from which 102 were subsequently published as a full paper. The overall publication rate was 16.4%, ranging from 3.4% (jurisprudence) to 28.8% (toxicology). The type of presentation (oral platform or poster) did not significantly affect the outcome of the abstract. However, a higher number of authors, foreign authors, and international collaboration were found to be good predictive factors of publication.