Intractable Policy Failure: The Case of Bovine TB and Badgers

The failure to eliminate bovine TB from the English and Welsh cattle herd represents a long-term intractable policy failure. Cattle-to-cattle transmission of the disease has been underemphasised in the debate compared with transmission from badgers despite a contested evidence base. Archival evidence shows that mythical constructions of the badger have shaped the policy debate. Relevant evidence was incomplete and contested; alternative framings of the policy problem were polarised and difficult to reconcile; and this rendered normal techniques of stakeholder management through co-option and mediation of little assistance.     

The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

基于服务国家战略行动的民办高校办学特色实践研究——以广西东方外语职业学院为例

我国历来非常重视高等学校的办学特色。办学特色是一所高校赖以生存和发展的生命线,而对于民办高校更是如此,决定着它的生命力和竞争力。广西东方外语职业学院在6年的办学实践中,积极融入国家西部大开发战略、广西北部湾经济区开放开发和中国—东盟自由贸易区建设中去,主动服务国家发展战略,初步形成了＂坐‘北’朝‘东’,‘双轨’育人,把‘小’做大,把‘外’做强,‘复合’出品＂的办学特色。     

论中国农地产权制度市场化改革的思想障碍

我国现行的农地产权制度安排是城乡两大利益集团博弈的直接结果.由于农民政治权力弱小又缺乏土地权益的法律保障,以任何借口阻挠农地产权市场化改革,都是为了维护城市既得利益集团的需要.目前,除了政府不肯轻易放弃廉价占用农民土地的经济利益之外,这一制度安排还得到了理论界一些权威人士的舆论支持.这些理论观点主要包括:应消灭一切土地私有制,土地集中兼并将导致农民两极分化、不利于兼顾土地的公平与效率、确保农民的基本生活保障与国家粮食安全,农地私有化将提高国家基础设施建设成本等等.因此,澄清理论界对于下一步深化农地产权制度市场化改革理论上的认识误区,具有重大的理论与实践意义.     

贯彻司法为民 彰显人文关怀——关于刑事被害人救助制度若干问题研究

现代刑事被害人国家救助制度源于英国，是体现司法人文关怀的一项重要措施。在我国，现代意义上的刑事被害人救助制度肇始2004年，2009正式建立。随着实践的发展，司法实务部门和理论界对刑事被害人救助制度的研究也不断深入，取得了不少可喜的成果，对一些重大问题的认识也渐趋统一，但对我国刑事被害人救助制度究竟应当如何定位，也就是说我国刑事被害人救助制度的法律属性是什么，还需要进一步明确。作为一项新生事物，我国经济、社会发展的实际情况决定了刑事被害人救助制度在我国的发展必然是一个渐进的过程，短期内不可能期望该制度全面解决刑事被害人所面临的各种困难，因此必须要将刑事被害人救助制度与现行的其他制度结合起来，形成一整套刑事被害人保障机制。     

State Government,Political Competition and Education Reform: Comparative Lessons from Brazil

The article explores the connection between democratisation, decentralisation and sub‐national policy making. It seeks to explain variation in the policy choices that were made by Brazilian state governments in the definition of school governance structures following the return to democracy. Whereas some state governments decided to institute the election of school principals by parents, students and teachers, others decided on the maintenance of opaque and discretionary practices that secured the distribution of school posts according to political criteria. The research relies on primary comparative evidence from three states: Bahia, Ceará and Minas Gerais. The argument is that the institutional choices made by state governments depended on the structure of political competition and on the extent and intensity of elite divisions at the state level.     

孙子的“重战、慎战、善战”思想及其当代价值

孙子从春秋战国时期战乱频发的社会现实出发,以兵家独有的现实主义态度和战略家的睿智,提出了"重战、慎战、善战"的战略思想.这一战略思想,对于当代中国实现富国与强军、走和平发展道路、维护国家安全和发展利益,具有重要的借鉴意义.     

管制经济学“双失灵”难题的法经济学解答

“双失灵”是对西方管制经济学中市场调节——市场失灵——政府管制——政府失灵——市场调节这一理论形成过程的概括。然而这一理论思路却存在循环论证的逻辑错误，并且使经济学理论和实践陷入对市场和政府的两难选择。针对经济学分析方法的不足，可用法经济学分析的方法和理论，为“双失灵”难题的解决找到答案，即以法律规制解答市场经济条件下市场与政府的关系问题。     

失地农民社会保障制度的重构

保障失地农民的生存与发展，不仅是社会公平的需要，更是构建和谐社会的需要，也符合福利国家建设的世界发展趋势。目前，我国的土地征用和征收制度并不能满足这样的要求，有必要建构一种既符合我国国情，又能够确保失地农民利益的社会保障制度。     

新经济自由主义研究中应该注意区分的若干问题

在我们学习和借鉴西方市场经济的理论和政策过程中,越来越多的人对西方新自由主义思潮给予关注,并进行了针对性的研究,但其中存在着不同程度的误解和不适当的态度,妨碍着我们正确对待新自由主义思潮.我们要区分新自由主义经济学中的合理因素和谬误成分,区分新自由主义经济学所涉及的利益和立场在不同时间、不同范围、不同对象上的差异,区分理论界与政策决策当局认识的异同、学术界认识与"华盛顿共识"的异同,区分新经济自由主义的国内政策和国外政策的异同,注意新自由主义经济政策与国家干预主义和保护主义经济政策的交替、转换和灵活运用.发展中国家学习和借鉴新自由主义经济学必须注意:要将市场化与市场自由化、全面市场化区分开,将对外开放与对外全面自由开放区分开,将市场化、产权改革与全面私有化区分开,将市场化与快速市场化和快速自由化区分开.