试论国有企业的深层次改革

国有企业改革是我国经济体制改革的关键。国有经济的定位问题、政企分开、法人治理结构、社会负担和经济效益等问题是当前亟待解决的深层次矛盾和问题 ,文章就深化国有企业改革和发展作了深入探讨。     

Adivasiness as Caste Expression and Land Rights Claim-Making in Central-Eastern India

ABSTRACT

The adivasi population represents a special case in India’s new land wars. Strong individual and community rights to agricultural and forest lands have been enacted for this group based on notions of adivasi identities as primeval, but without linking these to economic and political influence. This article interrogates the adivasi land question seen through a caste lens. It does so via case studies in two states to understand the ways in which adivasi identity can be mobilised for its instrumental value and used to demand land rights. In Andhra Pradesh, the Supreme Court’s Samatha Judgement has prevented virtually all private mining activities. In Jharkhand, however, similar legislation is seen to be trumped by the national Coal Bearing Areas Act, as well as by former and current land acquisition acts that allow industrial land claims to take precedence over identity-based ones. Available evidence indicates the challenges involved in bringing support for land rights that are premised on a supposedly unchanging adivasi identity when these rights go against dominant interests. This circumstance serves to highlight the possibilities present in caste analysis to understand the plight of adivasis, despite their usually distinct treatment in scholarly analyses.     

The Politics of Caste in India’s New Land Wars

ABSTRACT

In this article we introduce the special issue through framing the debate on the role of caste in India’s current land wars. We draw attention to how caste consistently mediates land transfers in present day India by pre-empting, undermining, or fuelling processes of social contestation, as well as the ways in which land claims in turn shape realigned or reimagined caste identities. Based on this, we make three main arguments. The first and most obvious one is that in contemporary conflicts over land, caste matters in evolving ways that deserve attention. Second, we argue that caste and land are recursively linked categories that are produced and reproduced in continuous interaction, even as multi-scalar political economies (re)shape them. And third, that different registers of caste are articulated by different social groups in more or less overt ways as they stake often competing claims to land.     

Zimbabwe’s transition overload: an interpretation

ABSTRACT

The article argues that to understand the troubled history of Zimbabwe we have to pay attention to the multiple and incomplete ‘transitions’ that the country underwent within three decades. Each of these transitions was probably inevitable and the trajectory they followed may be the right one for each of the transitions. However, the transitions in Zimbabwe were intertwined in a not always mutually supportive way. Indeed, we also argue that eventually, Zimbabwe suffered from a ‘transition overload’ as the many transitions undermined or confounded each other. The article is also a caution against the preoccupation of individuals in Zimbabwean history. Finally, there are some lessons for post-conflict countries that are often faced with wide-ranging agenda that often include externally imposed items.     

劳动者参与治理:国有企业制度创新的基本路径

我国国有企业治理制度表现出来的劳动者权益缺损,根源于国有企业产权界定模糊,即以资本产 权逻辑排斥劳动力产权。应从“劳动努力”出发,通过劳动者参与治理来创新国有企业治理制度。     

土地犯罪研究

土地犯罪的立法缘起于经济迅猛发展之下的深刻土地危机及保护土地的特殊需要。土地资源是人类生产和生活不可替代的物质基础,是国脉所系,民生所系的“生命线”。土地犯罪是对社会根本利益的侵犯,是对我们生命线的破坏。惩治土地犯罪是现实的呼唤,历史的必然。修订后的《刑法》及《土地管理法》增设了土地犯罪及其刑事责任的规定,完善了土地法律责任体系,对合理利用和有效保护我们稀缺的土地资源具有不可估量的现实意义,现实迫切需要深化土地犯罪的理论研究,以指导法律的准确运用。     

土地储备库里的权利辨

土地储备库里存有国有土地所有权,但无建设用地使用权,更无宅基地使用权、土地承包经营权以及地役权,也不应该有债权性质的土地权利。该国有土地所有权并不归属于土地储备机构,而归国家享有。     

中国耕地保护制度演进及存在问题研究

耕地保护制度是耕地保护目标实现的重要保障,耕地概念和耕地保护内涵的科学界定则是耕地保护制度建设的基础。梳理建国以来我国耕地保护制度的演进,不难发现现行制度存在耕地概念不完整、主体利益不协调、法律和经济实施手段不完善以及质量和生产自然条件保护不足等问题,而尊重市场经济原则,运用经济手段、走法制化道路将是我国耕地保护制度建设的方向。     

试论建立农村土地流转市场机制的原则和切入点

我国当前农村土地流转市场机制的现状严重阻碍了农村土地的流转。建立完善的农村土地流转市场机制必须坚持产权登记、公平、公正、公开、市场定价、土地使用管制等原则;同时,建立稳定的农村土地流转市场,必须以明晰农地流转的产权关系、规范农地流转行为、从本地实际出发构建农地流转市场机制为切入点。