公共政策参与的模式及原则分析

公民参与公共政策过程是我国政治体制改革的重要内容之一。由于发起者和参与环节的不同,公共政策参与可以划分为监督式、咨询式、申诉式和倡导式四种模式。在现有的制度框架下,不同模式的有效性都受到了一些因素的影响,但从中仍然可以归纳出一些基本原则来规范政府和公民在公共政策过程中的行为,从而推动积极、有序、有效的公共政策参与。     

努力将平凡化为不平凡——与外来务工青年谈谈劳模文化

所谓劳模文化,乃是指包含了有关劳模评选标准、产生规则、奖崇方式、精神特征、特别是影响效力等在内的诸要素之总和,它象征着最积极的劳动态度与最卓越的劳动业绩,其精髓在于岗位上的最大化奉献与创造。这是一种土生土长的中国特色文化,具有将平凡劳动者化为不平凡之神奇效力。外来务工青年宜于其中汲取足够正能量,以使自己亦能在平凡岗位上创出不平凡之业绩。     

公安先进典型宣传工作的困局及革新

典型宣传作为公安政治工作中一道独特的实践图景承载着巨大的时代意涵,一方面它是引领广大民警发展进步的助推器与方向盘,另一方面则是展现正面形象与弘扬社会主旋律的重要窗口。在多元价值并存的时代,典型宣传面临着巨大的冲击与挑战,其中既有社会大环境影响,更有宣传主体自身的原因。因此,维护典型人物的严肃性与可信性,提升宣传内容的可读性与生动性,关注受众群体的心理感受和加强不同媒体间的通力合作是提升先进典型宣传效果的实践路径。     

区域创新体系建设的国际比较及启示

区域创新是区域发展的必由之路,创新能力和创新体系建设正成为一个区域获取竞争优势的决定性因素。早在20世纪80年代,西方各国就争相把建立区域创新体系作为提升其国际竞争力的一项国家战略。通过分析美国、日本、韩国、印度等国家在区域创新体系建设中的科技资源配置、政府管理模式和创新体系建设等方面的做法,全面总结其经验和模式,为我国区域创新体系建设和管理提供有益的借鉴。     

我国公务员培训模式选择的交易成本理论分析

长期以来,我国公务员培训任务是由官方的培训机构承担的,是一种层级制培训模式。20世纪90年代以来,我国公务员培训出现了市场化,存在着三种市场化培训模式:有限市场化、准市场化、完全市场化。本文运用交易成本理论的区别性组合逻辑,在一个培训交易双方博弈的框架内分析了影响培训模式选择的各种因素,并用实地调研的数据检验了这一理论分析。     

工会组织在抓先进典型工作中应注意的几个问题

通过抓先进典型 ,调动职工群众的积极性 ,是各级工会组织的一项经常性任务。总结宣传先进典型 ,只有坚持实事求是的原则 ,才能真正发挥指导、示范作用。     

Party mandate theory and time-series analysis: a methodological comment

In 1990 Ian Budge and Richard Hofferbert published an article in support of “the doctrine of the party mandate”, using evidence from regression analyses relating the content of postwar US party platforms and governmental outputs in terms of yearly expenditure rates. Their approach was severely criticized by Gary King and Michael Laver (1993) but has been maintained by the authors in a subsequent extension of their analysis to include data from Australia, Canada and seven European States. The present article takes issue with both the approach followed by Budge and Hofferbert and the alternative approach recommended by King and Laver. It is argued that the trend problem has not been adequately dealt with and the formalization of the mandate model lacks conceptual consistency. Three major suggestions emerge from the discussion: (1) the formal mandate model should be extended to include a “divergence term” designed to separate positive from negative mandate effects; (2) the analysis should pay closer attention to the parameter restrictions that follow from the theoretical model; and (3) the regression equations should be interpreted heuristically in terms of “cointegration” or “causal-trends” models.     

论我国劳动法律调整方式从一元化向多元化的转变——以家务服务员的劳动保护为视角

家庭服务工作在当今经济和整个社会中具有非常重要的地位,但家务工作也是最不稳定、低报酬和没有保护的就业形式之一,家务服务员劳动权益保护被排除在劳动法律之外。改变当前家务服务员权益保护的脆弱状态,改善家务服务员的工作和生活条件,应当重新定位劳动法所调整的劳动关系的范围,构建多元的调整方式,制定专门的家务服务员劳动权益法。     

论案例教学法在“体改生”教学中的应用

案例教学法是公安教育中应用广泛并且行之有效的教学方法,体现了教学面向公安实战的需要,有助于调动体改生学习的积极性和提高教师的教学能力,其必要性值得肯定。对体改生施行案例教学法,应遵循如下基本路径,即了解体改生的特点,选取合适的教案,运用适当的案例展示手段,有意识地培养体改生适应案例教学,与其他教学模式相结合,以及对体改生进行案例教学法的效果进行反馈。     

Urban governance and multilateral aid organizations: The case of informal water supply systems

This paper explores the different urban governance models proposed by multilateral aid organizations in accessing water through informal supply systems, to assess the rationale and the guiding principles at the basis of their different ‘governance approaches’. There can be no doubt that most developing countries are now experiencing a rapid and unprecedented urban growth, which is bringing about a rising demand for urban services, especially those concerning water supply. To cope with this pressing issue, the response of multilateral aid organizations—such as the World Bank, UN-HABITAT and the European Union––has been represented by the design and implementation of different urban governance and management systems, called to support an equitable and efficient access to urban water supply services. This paper focuses on the different urban governance approaches through which multilateral donors support informal networks and small scale providers to provide water supply in cities of developing countries. It highlights how these different urban governance approaches address the overall issues of poverty reduction whilst in reality, in certain cases, they also aim to affect and regulate domestic public policies of Third World countries. In particular, it argues that the governance model proposed––and imposed––by the World Bank continues to belong to a neo-liberal policy agenda, which considers water and urban services as commodities to be managed through widespread competition and market mechanisms. On the contrary, UN-HABITAT, and the European Union to a certain extent, highlight the need for an urban governance system that promotes the ownership of development strategies by local communities and that rests on the principles of inclusiveness and equity.