Understanding European asylum cooperation under the Schengen/Dublin system: a public goods framework

Abstract

Recent developments in European Union (EU) asylum cooperation raise important questions about the nature of cooperation and the potential problems facing collective action in the realm of EU internal security. The emergence and the subsequent stability of the Schengen/Dublin system is especially puzzling, given the highly inequitable distribution of costs and benefits that this system entails among the participating states and begs the question as to why those states that are likely to face a disproportionate ‘burden’ under the system would have agreed to it. This article seeks to provide an alternative approach to answering this question by drawing on a public goods framework. We argue that a simple focus on free-riding and exploitation dynamics, as emphasized in the traditional collective action literature, falls short as an explanation and instead demonstrates how more recent theoretical contributions to the public goods literature can offer new insights into the origin and evolution in cooperation in this sensitive policy area.     

The problem of Irish Unionism

The paper is a critique of a recent article by Luke Martell which attempted to set out a new, non-statist and non-coercive socialist agenda. The critique suggests that coercion and repression are probably inherent to the socialist project and that Martell's proposals fail to address this. It also takes issue with Martell's proposals for limiting the role of markets and for developing local forms of corporatist agencies. The assumption that market capitalism is in some way antithetical to communal morality is also challenged on the grounds that genuine communalism is likely to arise out of voluntary co-operation rather than state-sponsored initiatives and programmes.     

Business as usual

The tech stock crash of 2000 discredited the new economy as business model. This article introduces a journal special issue which takes up the challenge of putting new economy developments into this post-crash perspective and establishing long-run continuities, without discounting the importance of what happened. This article opens the debate by highlighting two themes in the articles that are collected together in the special issue: first, it discusses what was and is the new economy in the USA; second, it examines the relevance and resonance of the new economy in Europe.     

Economies of contagion: financial crisis and pandemic

Abstract

The outbreak of an influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in 2009 coincided with a severe global financial downturn (2007–8). This paper examines the use of ‘contagion’ as a model for assessing the dynamics of both episodes: the spread of infection and the diffusion of shock through an intrafinancial system. The argument is put that a discourse of globally ‘emerging’ and ‘re-emerging’ infection helped to shape a theory of financial contagion, which developed, particularly from 1997, in relation to financial crises in ‘emerging markets’ in Southeast Asia. Conversely, concerns about the economic impact of a global pandemic have been influential in shaping public health responses to communicable diseases from the early 1990s. The paper argues that tracing the conceptual entanglement of financial and biological ‘contagions’ is important for understanding the interconnected global environment within which risk is increasingly being evaluated. The paper also considers the consequences of this analogizing for how financial crises are understood and, ultimately, how responses to them are formulated.     

On arbitration,arbitrage and arbitrariness in financial markets and their governance: unpacking LIBOR and the LIBOR scandal

Abstract

Amongst a series of scandals to hit international financial markets in recent years, that surrounding the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) – a highly influential interest rate benchmark – has attracted particularly intense media scrutiny. This paper seeks to push beyond conventional understandings to unpack critically both LIBOR itself and the scandal involving its manipulation by major international banks. Envisioning LIBOR as a commodity beset by inherent contradictions, the paper mobilizes the tropes of arbitration, arbitrage and arbitrariness to illuminate, respectively: the market-making work performed by LIBOR; its role in enabling the transfer of financial risk, most notably when fraudulently manipulated; and the nature of the regulatory prosecution of such manipulation.     

公共物品的多元化供给

传统公共物品理论认为 ,公共物品只能由政府提供 ,但这样的单一模式却导致了不断膨胀的财政支出 ,财政负担的加重又成为经济进一步发展的障碍。因此 ,探讨公共物品供给的多元化模式是必要的。基于此 ,本文分析了公共物品供给的权威型供给、商业型供给和自主型供给模式     

中国政府公共产品供给的国际比较研究

中国政府公共产品供给的国际比较研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。进行中国政府公共产品供给的国际比较研究 ,首先要建立科学全面的政府公共产品供给指标体系。根据政府公共产品供给指标体系 ,我们可以对中国政府公共产品供给的状况进行国际比较 ,由此评估中国政府公共产品的现状与不足之处 ,并提出科学的行政改革措施。中国的行政改革应该重在提高政府公共产品水平 ,使政府能以充足优质的公共服务满足社会公共需求。     

承运人责任基础的新构建——评《鹿特丹规则》下承运人责任基础条款

《鹿特丹规则》有关承运人责任基础的规定,从性质上说,应当属于《汉堡规则》的完全过错责任制,从举证责任的分配分析,更接近于《海牙规则》,从结构的特点看,《鹿特丹规则》用举证责任的归属贯穿责任基础始终。其基本构成是:管货义务、除外风险和适航义务实行不同的举证责任分配,达到三个推定的目的,既体现过错责任制度,又平衡了船货双方的利益。     

解读《最高人民法院关于审理无正本提单交付货物案件适用法律若干问题的规定》

在中国海事审判中,无正本提单交付货物纠纷案件呈逐年上升趋势。由于《中华人民共和国海商法》关于提单以及提单项下货物交付的规定比较原则,造成审理无正本提单交付货物纠纷法律适用方面的困难。为解决海事审判中出现的法律适用方面问题,根据《中华人民共和国海商法》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国民法通则》等有关法律规定,总结中国海事审判经验,参照国际海运惯例、国际海事公约,借鉴国际海事司法的通常做法,最高人民法院民事审判第四庭起草了《最高人民法院关于审理无正本提单交付货物案件适用法律若干问题的规定》,并于2009年3月5日起施行。从规定适用的提单范围,承运人无单放货的责任,承运人无单放货是否可以享有责任限制,承运人提单审查的风险责任,承运人承担赔偿责任的范围,可否免除承运人的赔偿责任,可否免除承运人交付货物的责任,对记名提单持有人所享有权利的限制,免除承运人交货义务,无正本提单交付货物的连带责任,实际交付货物的托运人可否有索赔权,正本提单持有人的索赔权以及正本提单持有人索赔的诉讼时效等方面对规定加以阐述和说明。