Multiproduct activity and competition policy: The Tetra Pak case

We suggest the Tetra Pak case as a real-world example to study the implications of multiproduct activity for European Competition Policy. Tetra Pak, a monopolist in aseptic carton packaging of liquid food, competes with Elopak in the nonaseptic sector. The EC Commission used the effect of Tetra Pak's dominance in the aseptic sector on its rival's performance as an evidence of the former's anticompetitive behavior. With linear demand and cost functions and interdependent demands, the Commission's position can be supported. However, a more general model suggests that the Commission's conclusions cannot be supported as the unique outcome of the analysis of the information available.     

国际体系与中国的外交选择

"国际体系"是国际关系研究中的一个重要概念,主要指国际行为体的互动所构成的整体。由于国际行为体的现实互动行为具有不同的属性,所构成的体系具有不同的属性,因此从概念上讲国际体系具有多重属性而非一种属性。现实主义、自由制度主义和建构主义分别阐述的权力、制度和观念所指涉的就是体系的不同内涵。在传统的国际体系观念中,权力政治居于主导地位。在当代,由于体系中制度与规范的因素凸显,因此研究者已不能再以权力政治的简单逻辑来判断国家间的互动了。认识这一点对于国际关系理论研究和进行战略评估都有重要意义。联系中国的对外战略选择,进行这个视角的思考尤为重要。面对具有多重属性的体系挑战,中国只有处理好自己的战略排序,对涉及规范、制度、权力的互动作恰当安排,才能顺利地实现自己的国家发展目标。     

大湖时代南昌产业集群战略性发展研究

随着经济全球化的发展,竞争已经从企业间竞争向产业集群间竞争演化,产业集群发展也已经成为了一种引人关注的区域经济发展模式和产业发展的重要组织形式。南昌作为"鄱阳湖生态经济区"建设核心城市,对区域经济发展的带动,不仅取决于其自身经济规模的大小,还取决于能否切实采取新的发展模式,其产业集群的发展趋势也直接关系到南昌的整体经济的实力、活力与未来。本文通过对南昌产业集群发展现状和面临问题的分析,分层提出了南昌产业集群未来的发展的视野和建议。     

耳纹相关问题研究

在法庭科学界,耳纹是一个新兴的研究课题,引起了欧洲、北美诸多法庭科学专家的极大兴趣。耳纹痕迹研究的三项阶段性成果：第一,耳纹痕迹显现提取问题的研究,包括耳纹痕迹的显现方法、显现效果与遗留时间的关系、显现效果与遗留客体的关系以及提取方法等具体问题;第二,耳纹认定人身问题的研究,在小范围耳纹样本实验研究的基础上,讨论了耳纹认定人身的科学性,并且提出耳纹认定人身的步骤、方法及认定标准;第三,根据现场遗留耳纹痕迹推定遗留人身高的研究,通过实验统计分析,试图找到一个公式,根据现场发现的耳纹痕迹遗留高度推定嫌疑人身高。     

紧紧抓住“重要战略机遇期”

综观全局 ,2 1世纪头二十年 ,对我国来说 ,是一个必须紧紧抓住并且可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。面对机遇 ,关键是要善于抓住机遇。在经济体制改革、政治体制改革和文化建设上 ,都要充分利用这些机遇 ,实现新世纪新阶段的奋斗目标。     

发展县域文化产业的战略对策思考

县域文化产业是满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的重要手段,在县域经济社会发展中有着十分重要的作用。发展县域文化产业,需处理好文化产业与文化事业、资源保护与资源开发、经济效益与社会效益的关系。实施项目带动集聚发展、品牌引领先导发展、产业融合联动发展、特色推动差异化发展战略重点。采取改革体制,增强活力;借鉴经验,创新机制;政府扶持,政策支持;集中力量,破解瓶颈等得力措施。     

Japan’s strategic contrast: continuing influence despite relative power decline in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Since 2008 the Japanese government has become more responsive to the exercise of Chinese economic, diplomatic and military power in Southeast Asia, suggesting an intensifying rivalry. The Japanese government has thrown off any reticence about self-promotion by more forcefully positioning Japan as a sensitive and sustainable strategic partner for Southeast Asian nations in a strategic contrast with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Rather than trying to contain China, Tokyo is seeking to mediate how China turns its material resources into influence. Despite an increasing asymmetry in material resources between China and Japan, this article argues that Japan maintains a surprising ability to influence the preferences of Southeast Asian nations and responses to exercises of PRC power, which in turn has allowed Japan to influence China’s regional strategy.     

Public support for European defence: Does strategic culture matter?

This article identifies previously ignored determinants of public support for the European Union's security and defence ambitions. In contrast to public opinion vis‐à‐vis the EU in general, the literature on attitudes towards a putative European army or the existing Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) suggests that the explanatory power of sociodemographic and economic variables is weak, and focuses instead on national identity as the main determinant of one's support. This article explores the possible impact of strategic culture, and argues that preferences vis‐à‐vis the EU's security and defence ambitions are formed in part through pre‐existing social representations of security. To test this proposition, ‘national’ strategic cultures are disaggregated and a typology is produced that contains four strategic postures: pacifism, traditionalism, humanitarianism and globalism. Applying regression analysis on individual‐level Eurobarometer survey data, it is found that strategic postures help explain both the general level of support for CSDP and support for specific Petersberg tasks.     

西部大开发的原则与思路

全面准确地认识西部地带的区情特点,遵循科学的实施原则,配以切实可行的措施,是西部大开发取得成效的基本条件.     

北京工会组织运行模式的战略研究

随着社会主义市场经济体制的完善,工会组织的地位和作用越来越重要,特别是在加强社会建设的背景下,从战略背景分析入手,进而确定工会组织的战略目标,分解战略任务,并形成相应保障措施,是实现工会组织长远发展的战略思路。