当代世界文化格局、态势与中国文化发展战略

当代世界文化格局主要由中华、欧美、阿拉伯、印度、俄罗斯及东欧这五大文化区构成。其演变态势,一是互动加剧并趋于良性,二是欧美文化区中的强势国家对其他文化区有扩张、挤压、排斥和利用之举,三是五大文化区之间力量对比和各自内部处在此消彼长和新的分化组合之中,分别显现为“龙虎斗”、“亢龙有悔”、“潜龙勿用”、“见龙在田”。我们要认清自身的文化方位,增强使命感和文化自觉意识,大力将先进文化建设的战略部署落到实处。     

美国国家安全认知的新视阈：人工智能与国家安全

人工智能作为一种革命性技术,正在从根本上变革国际社会的发展进程及方式。面对这一发展趋势,美国已将人工智能提升到国家安全的高度。人工智能对美国国家安全的影响主要存在于三个方面:首先,人工智能是影响和塑造未来美国国家安全的核心变量。人工智能能够优化美国在国际政治格局中的力量配比,弥合并纠正美国社会内部的分裂和失序状况,并助推美国军事实力实现“跨越式”发展。其次,有效克服人工智能的负面效应是确保未来美国国家安全的关键。人工智能可能引发诸多社会和道德问题,其固有的缺陷也将增加战争决策的风险成本,还可能增加武装冲突的频率和强度。最后,美国强调中国人工智能的快速发展对未来美国国家安全构成严重“威胁”。中美在人工智能领域的竞争已无法避免,美国认为中国正在试图“挑战”美国在高新技术领域的领导地位;为应对美国在人工智能领域对华遏制政策,中国应制定和形成人工智能研发以及应用规则和规范;通过制度化协调与合作来规制中美关系,努力避免“科技冷战”的发生。     

实现"公平、正义、共享"社会保障战略目标下的工会参与

让所有国民均享有社会保障,追求公平、正义、共享的核心价值正在成为政府与公众的共识。维护劳动者的社会保障权益是工会的天职,工会应通过各种方式参与社会保障制度建设,以推动社会保障制度朝着公平和共享的方向发展。     

江泽民国家安全战略观

江泽民以面向未来和开辟新世纪的战略家眼光,敏锐把握时代脉搏,提出了新的国家安全战略观站在跨世纪国家利益发展的历史高度,立足于和平共处五项原则,确立新的国家安全观;站在世界战略的高度,在世界普遍安全的战略格局中谋划国家安全;全方位、多领域维护国家安全,赋予国家安全新的内涵;顺应经济全球化趋势,把经济安全提高到关系国家总体安全的战略地位;着眼于跨世纪的挑战和机遇,运用综合手段捍卫国家安全.     

Narrators’ perspectives: communicating the EU in Ukraine,Israel and Palestine in times of conflict

ABSTRACT

The role of newsmakers as intermediaries in the shaping of external perceptions and reception of narratives advanced by different actors remains sparse in EU studies. This contribution fills this gap and addresses the personal images of the EU of newsmakers. We contribute to the understanding of those personal perceptions and their link to professional values of audience interest, newsworthiness and objectivity in reporting the EU. The article will demonstrate that all journalists perceive EU coverage in their respective locations are led by local priorities. Negative views of the EU as a weakening, biased, ineffective, elitist and arrogant actor are dominant. Arguably, they create conditions for the birth and dissemination of Euro-distant and even Euro-sceptic media narratives. The article will explain why this is the case while drawing on political/ideational and business/financial explanations.     

Alliance Forging or Partnership Building? China’s Policy in the Asia-Pacific under the Xi Administration

ABSTRACT

Should China forge a military alliance? Some scholars believe it should, others believe it should adhere to a policy of non-alignment. For China many risks are associated with military alliances. On the one hand, China would likely be involved in unwanted conflicts and confrontations created by potential allies. On the other hand, China would be bound to compete with the existing hegemon, the United States, which has already established a huge alliance system, to win more allies. China just cannot afford this. The intensified strategic competition between China and the United States may also lead to a new antagonism in the Asia-Pacific region. Nevertheless, China’s ‘non-alliance’ policy does not mean China has to abandon the development of strategic cooperation with other countries or renounce the right to build a cooperative partnership network. Since Xi Jinping came to power, the Chinese government has continuously expanded its strategic partnership network in the region. This policy could avoid US-China competition over military allies and enhance strategic trust between China and its neighbouring countries, creating conditions for China’s peaceful development and global strategic stability.     

我国公务员外语能力需求现状分析及对策研究——以安徽省省直机关公务员为例

当今世界经济与信息全球化格局已基本形成,我国社会经济发展的国际联系越来越紧密,以外语技能为核心素质的公务员队伍已成为我国经济与社会发展的必要元素。调查显示,安徽省省直机关公务员普遍接受过较长时间的外语教育,但总体外语水平较低,运用能力较差,在当前职业中的外语使用需求也较低。因而,需要在了解其外语能力需求现状的基础上,制定国家层面的公务员外语战略,进而提升我国政治人才的国际竞争力,推进中国梦的实现。     

美国拜登总统的国家安全战略思维

领导人的国家安全战略思维界定了本国的核心战略意图，并影响国家安全战略的制定及其实践。领导人的国家安全战略思维、策略手段信念与安全战略动员，能够塑造国家安全战略实践的政治过程。领导人所受结构约束的程度与战略情境的不确定性，是影响其国家安全战略塑造能力的重要因素。拜登对美国国家安全环境持有负向认知，将国家安全威胁来源主要界定为“挑战现状”大国与全球安全议题，并因此力图实现美国在安全、经贸与价值观维度优先的目标，进而倾向于采取低安全议题、价值观外交以及后发制人式与多边合作式的安全战略手段。拜登不仅在战略议程设置和安全团队结构中处于核心位置，而且当前美国面临复杂的内外部环境，也确保其得以高效输出自身的战略理念。通过将拜登对俄罗斯、中国的安全信念与当前美国对外政策进行匹配，可以验证领导人塑造安全战略能力的推论。系统分析拜登总统的安全观，并对理解美国外交政策和安全战略的现状与趋势以及思考中美关系的发展方向具有启示意义。     

Human height estimation from highly distorted surveillance image

Video surveillance camera (VSC) is an important source of information during investigations especially if used as a tool for the extraction of verified and reliable forensic measurements. In this study, some aspects of human height extraction from VSC video frames are analyzed with the aim of identifying and mitigating error sources that can strongly affect the measurement. More specifically, those introduced by lens distortion are present in wide-field-of-view lens such as VSCs. A weak model, which is not able to properly describe and correct the lens distortion, could introduce systematic errors. This study focuses on the aspect of camera calibration to verify human height extraction by Amped FIVE software, which is adopted by the Forensic science laboratories of Carabinieri Force (RaCIS), Italy. A stable and reliable approach of camera calibration is needed since investigators have to deal with different cameras while inspecting the crime scene. The performance of the software in correcting distorted images is compared with a technique of single view self-calibration. Both approaches were applied to several frames acquired by a fish-eye camera and then measuring the height of five different people. Moreover, two actual cases, both characterized by common low-resolution and distorted images, were also analyzed. The height of four known persons was measured and used as reference value for validation. Results show no significant difference between the two calibration approaches working with fish-eye camera in test field, while evidence of differences was found in the measurement on the actual cases.     

Strategic competence and agency: individuals overcoming barriers to change in South African higher education

Social relations, institutional arrangements and cultures bequeathed by South Africa’s system of apartheid continue be felt in the present despite the country’s formal transition to democracy 25 years ago. Race, class and gender inequities continue to structure South African society in ways that have proven intransigent to change, leading to growing frustration and widespread public dissatisfaction expressed in multiple arenas including worker strikes, service delivery and university student protests. While it is clear that social structures inherited from the past are difficult to change, it is also the case that change does happen. In this paper, we discuss the findings of a hermeneutic phenomenological study with 10 academics at one historically White university in South Africa, who have been agents of change within their particular context. We show how participants engaged in struggles to counter resistance to their efforts. In doing so they demonstrate what we call ‘strategic competence’ – the ability to act in ways that not only draw on personal resources but recognise the resources, contradictions and opportunities offered within the existing limitations of the social structure. Strategic competence thus emerges as a central feature of agency, enabling individuals to stretch the boundaries of what is possible.