官僚体制的内在缺陷及其结构性冲突

以效率和稳定见长的官僚体制作为一种组织体制是有着内在缺陷的,其外在表现是效率的有限性和对人性的压抑,根本原因则是工具理性的缺陷及其与价值理性的冲突.同时,作为一种非市场性的公共行政组织而存在的官僚体制,在现代社会中与代议民主制、共同参与民主制和西方社会经济系统都存在着深层次的结构性冲突,并由此而成为当代西方新公共管理运动的内在动力.     

中国入世后,工会面临的挑战及其应对

工会是站在工人一方 ,通过对劳动价格的议价来调节供给与需求关系的。经济全球化削弱了工会的调节能力。企业跨国经营是资本对付工会的现代手段。经济全球化使工会在更高层次上凸现了各国工会的竞争 ,也为中国工会发展提供了新的机遇。产业结构调整必然伴随结构性失业。政府也为此付出了巨大的机会成本。利用WTO缺陷 ,维护企业正当权益也是维护工人的利益。工会也应该研究世界经济和国际贸易规则 ,培养自己的专门人才 ,规避不利于工会及工人的风险。     

“回笼漂”现象中青年劳动价值观的冲突与调适研究 ——基于结构二重性视角的考察

“回笼漂”是指在大小城市之间反复流动的年轻人的一种生活工作方式，该现象折射出青年劳 动价值观变化甚至冲突的现状。“回笼漂”过程中，青年劳动价值观存在着传统价值观与现代价值观的矛盾、 外部环境复杂性和自身能力局限性的冲突、个体追求与社会责任的权衡。结构二重性理论强调结构与行动之间 的互构，能够考察青年劳动价值观的社会结构和自我建构的行动之间的关联机制。基于结构二重性视角的考察， 在宏观场域治理、中观文化调节、微观主体引导中打通青年劳动互动空间、塑造青年精神世界是新时代青年劳 动价值观调适的未来路向。     

“三农”问题的核心、症结及解决途径

农村、农业、农民问题,是一个影响现代化进程的难题,同时也是一个重大的经济、政治和社会问题.我国的"三农"问题,由于特殊国情所致,与其他国家相比,表现得更为尖锐,解决起来难度更大.深入探索"三农"问题的有效解决途径,乃当前急需研究的重大课题.     

钢铁产业发展与民营资本准入

把钢铁产业发展与民营经济联系在一起进行讨论必然要涉及的一个基本问题,就是钢铁产业要不要坚持“公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展”。本文在解析党的十六大关于两个“必须毫不动摇”的科学内涵基础上,着重阐明了民营资本进入钢铁产业部门的必要性、现实性及其积极意义,然后分析指出了公有、特别是国有钢铁企业只有毫不动摇地进行调整和改革,才能适应市场经济发展的需要,促进我国钢铁产业的持续健康发展。     

我国中央与地方立法权限的划分

《立法法》采取列举的方式明确了中央与地方立法权限的划分,具有一定的开拓精神和现实意义。但它的规定存在局限性,没有从根本上改变中央和地方立法工作中出现的混乱和无序等现象。对于中央和地方立法权限的划分,应当以其制约因素为切入点,进而分析目前立法规定和立法实践中存在的问题,从而厘清我国中央和地方立法权限划分的思路和方法,推动我国的法治建设。     

Perceived Sibling Relationships and Adolescent Development

Utilizing longitudinal, 3-wave data collected from multiple informants (fathers, mothers, and target children) in 374 families, the potential effects of sibling relationships on adolescent development across early and middle adolescence were investigated. Adolescents who perceived their sibling relationships more positively at Time 1 tended to have better friendships and higher self-esteem at Time 2, which, in turn, were associated with less loneliness, less depression, and fewer delinquent behaviors and less substance use at Time 3. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship was found between adolescent self-esteem and the quality of their sibling relationships, suggesting that a more positive sibling relationship helps to enhance adolescent self-esteem, and that higher adolescent self-esteem predicts a more positive sibling relationship. A bidirectional relationship was also found between adolescent sibling relationships and adolescent friendships. However, a much stronger association between adolescent sibling relationships at Time 1 and adolescent friendships at Time 2, than between adolescent friendships at Time 1 and adolescent sibling relationships at Time 2, may suggest that the quality of an earlier sibling relationship is more predictive of the quality of a later friendship for adolescents rather than the other way around.     

试论劳动要素结构升级与深化供给侧结构性改革

从区分供给侧的不同结构层次入手,结合我国经济发展阶段转变和新科技革命引发的劳动要素需求变化,分别考察了不同要素投入在现阶段经济增长中的作用。与现有文献把经济减速的原因归结为劳动力供给不足、人口红利消失不同,研究认为在技术创新使经济增长与就业增加之间的关联效应不断弱化的情况下,相对于资源禀赋,人力资本投入才是中国经济实现高质量发展的决定性因素。因此,深化供给侧结构性改革的一个重要着力点,应放在促进劳动要素结构升级以提高人力资本的供给质量上,实现经济增长向全要素生产率驱动型的转变。此外,还考察了劳动力市场制度与劳动要素结构升级的关系,为通过劳动市场制度改革加快人力资本积累提出政策建议。     

高校院系工会兼职干部激励因素及其绩效影响的研究 —— 以上海市若干所高校为例

研究运用激励理论分析了高校院系兼职工会干部积极性缺乏,动力不足问题产生的原因。在此基础上,构建了激励因素和绩效表现的结构关系,并利用统计分析和结构方程模型分析了两者之间的关系。研究发现,对于兼职工会干部的激励而言,精神回报是核心内容,人文环境能够提供有效保障,不妨碍本职工作是前提和基础,物质回报有利于工作积极性的提高,而个人成长是非常重要的因素。     

The Influences of Perceived Managerial Discretion and Risk-Taking Behavior on Government Organizational Performance

Purpose: This study investigates pertinent factors in perceived managerial discretion (PMD) in association with risk-taking behavior (RTB) and organizational performance within government organizations. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a mix of qualitative methods—using focus group discussions (FGDs) to select key variables affecting PMD and to validate the research findings—and quantitative methods—using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test eight hypotheses developed from FGDs and from a literature review. Out of 340 questionnaires sent out to potential participants, 260 were returned and deemed valid for SEM analysis, reflecting a satisfactory response rate of 76%. Findings: A total of six factors affecting PMD were identified: quasi-legal constraint (QLC), powerful outside forces (POFs), inertial forces (IFs), powerful inside forces (PIFs), power base (PB), and political acumen (PA). The SEM analysis indicated that QLC, PIF, PB, and PA enhance PMD, while IF tends to inhibit PMD. Stronger PMD was associated with weaker RTB on the part of government-official decision makers, while greater RTB was associated with more positive organizational outcomes. These findings are partially consistent with prior findings, with some notable contradictions. Research implications/limitations: The primary limitation of this study was its limited external validity, as these findings can only be extended to organizations with similar characteristics of those of the government institution used as the case study. These findings must be used with care for different types of public organizations. Practical implications: These findings support taking the following steps: (1) review and remove equivocal regulations that could restrain PMD, (2) streamline bureaucracy, (3) establish regulations that allow more space for innovation and discretion, (4) delineate the tasks and responsibilities of decision makers, and (5) discourage abrupt policy changes, promoting proper scrutiny and notice.