Social funds and decentralisation: optimal institutional design

Most of the 60+ developing countries that have established social funds (SFs) are decentralising their governments as well. But the question of how to tailor SFs—originally a highly centralised model—for a decentralising context has received relatively little attention in the literature. We first examine evidence on the ability of SFs to adapt to a decentralised context. We then lay out the implications of decentralisation for SF institutional design step‐by‐step through the project cycle. The topic is doubly important because social funds can increase their effectiveness, and the sustainability of their investments, by reorganising internal processes to take advantage of the political and civic institutions that decentralisation creates. Local government has an informational advantage in local needs and characteristics (time and place), whereas SFs have access to better technology and knowledge of sectoral best practice. The key is to create institutional incentives that best combine these relative advantages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

刑法规范的结构模式新探

刑法规范的结构模式主要涉及结构类型、结构成分和结构形态三个方面。刑法规范的结构类型可分为辩证统一的逻辑结构与本体结构两种。刑法规范的逻辑结构成分包括刑事行为模式与刑事法律结果两部分。刑法规范的本体结构成分包括刑事权利、刑事义务与接受刑事评价特别是刑事责任三部分。刑法规范的结构形态主要有刑事非评价行为法律规范与刑事评价行为法律规范两种。     

财政转移支付结构调整困境及其人权再定位

为便于落实财政转移支付规范目标,我国将其分为一般性转移支付与专项转移支付,并分别予以功能定位。然而,受诸多因素影响,两类转移支付功能发挥产生混同与偏差,导致转移支付整体功能受限,转移支付结构调整陷入困境。对此,以结构视角分析,虽便于理解和说明,但需要注意到结构主义自身容易带有的对主体、环境及转移支付整体结构平衡的忽视这些局限,谨防将结构调整简化为增加一般性转移支付份量、减少专项转移支付份额到预设的比例。现有体制环境下,基于转移支付人权保障属性,有必要对转移支付结构进行人权维度再定位,为其整体功能圆满实现提供新的纠偏视角与规范途径。     

The “war on cops,” retaliatory violence,and the murder of George Floyd*

The police murder of George Floyd sparked nationwide protests in the summer of 2020 and revived claims that public outcry over such high-profile police killings perpetuated a violent “war on cops.” Using data collected by the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) on firearm assaults of U.S. police officers, we use Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) modeling to empirically assess if and how patterns of firearm assault on police officers in the United States were influenced by the police murder of George Floyd. Our analysis finds that the murder of George Floyd was associated with a 3-week spike in firearm assaults on police, after which the trend in firearms assaults dropped to levels only slightly above that which were predicted by pre-Floyd data. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and consider their relevance to the contemporary discussion of a “war on cops,” violence, and officer safety.     

住房公积金制度对公务员住房消费的支持作用分析

本文提出,住房公积金制度对公务员住房消费具有促进住房消费资金的自我积累、实现住房消费互助、提供实现住房平滑消费的低成本信用工具、供给政策与商业性个人住房消费贷款组合产品、丰富住房分配货币化和住房保障途径等重要作用,并对这些作用的重要性进行了分析,以期为做好公务员的住房公积金管理工作提供理论依据。     

Household Energy Consumption and Housing Choice in the U.S. Residential Sector

Energy use in residential buildings accounted for 21% of U.S. CO₂ emissions in 2013. Efforts to reduce energy use in the residential sector have been overly focused on improving energy efficiency of buildings. This article incorporates housing policy debate into energy policy, hoping to provide new opportunities for planners to participate in residential energy policy. Using data from the latest Residential Energy Consumption Survey, structural equation modeling has been applied to isolate the direct and indirect effects of household and housing characteristics on residential energy use. Results show that more than 80% of a household's indirect effect on energy consumption happens through the building characteristics, which is characterized as the housing choice effect on energy consumption. Planners can participate in residential energy management efforts by influencing housing needs and priorities of communities towards more sustainable compact housing units.     

Paving the (Hard) Way for Regional Partnerships: Evidence from Portugal

A fundamental dilemma which troubles advocates of interinstitutional partnerships in regional development pertains to the extent to which partnerships enhance the effectiveness of governance processes and outcomes. This dilemma is particularly relevant in contexts that lack strong cohesive regional development alliances, such as the Portuguese case. This article aims to shed light on the debate regarding the role of partnerships in regional development, drawing on a unique collaborative interinstitutional partnership. It explores the responses to complexity across the different stakeholders, as well as its effects at the formulation and implementation stages of the strategic plans devised to apply for EU funding. Findings suggest that interinstitutional partnerships induce significantly different allocative choices at the agenda-setting. However, the established partnership was unable to cope with the several obstacles that emerged during the implementation, suggesting several vulnerabilities of partnerships, which are explored. Findings suggest the need to reinforce governance mechanisms during the implementation stage.     

对我国货币市场基金进行法律规范的理论分析

由于我国货币市场基金刚刚起步,因此对于我国货币市场基金进行法律规范是十分必要的,通过对货币市场基金法律规范的理论进行分析,期望未来尽早建立与货币市场基金本身特点相适应的完善的法律规范.     

论挪用公款罪的界定

第58届联合国大会通过的《联合国反腐败公约》,明确规定了可以定罪的9种腐败行为,挪用公款是其中之一。我国刑法对挪用公款罪早有明确规定,但刑法规定比较抽象、概括,以致在理论界和司法实践方面都存在许多问题,本文结合刑法中犯罪构成理论及立法解释、司法解释对挪用公款罪加以分析、界定。     

我国信息安全的结构性缺陷与对策

本文对我国信息安全现状进行了考察和分析 ,指出目前我国信息技术的发展还相对落后 ,社会信息意识和信息法制观念还不够强 ,缺少必要的信息网络管理经验 ,信息立法在我国尚处于初级阶段 ,这些都给信息安全管理增加了难度 ,也使我国信息安全存在信息技术、网络安全、媒体控制上的结构性缺陷。为加强我国的信息安全管理 ,应制定政府信息资源管理法规 ,强化信息安全管理手段 ,形成网络法体系 ,有效管辖因特网上犯罪 ,加强国际防范。