未成年人取保候审程序主体之重构

我国未成年人取保候审程序主体系统在构造上存在权利主体面窄、启动申请主体过少、执行参与主体简单化、独立的救济主体缺位等缺陷。基于未成年人取保候审的特定的程序对象考虑,在借鉴国外少年保释制度运作的经验和考察本国未成年人司法实践基础上,应对未成年人取保候审程序主体系统加以重构。     

长三角产业结构调整中的政府作用

该文指出，长三角地区的经济发展关键在于产业结构调整，这一调整能否顺利完成，与政府作用的发挥密切相关，作者就此从三个方面提出对策建议。     

STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND BLACK INTERRACIAL HOMICIDE: A NEW EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSAL PROCESS*

This study evaluates the assumption that deprivation among African Americans and racial inequality lead to black interracial homicide due to racial conflict and antagonism. Using refined race‐adjusted Supplemental Homicide Report data, Uniform Crime Report data and census data, we test an alternative hypothesis that draws on the macrostructural opportunity theory to assess and more accurately specify the relationship between structural characteristics and black interracial homicide. We find that first, the relationship between economic factors and black interracial homicide can be explained in large part by high rates of financially motivated crime such as robbery, and second, that economic factors are associated with financially motivated but not expressive black interracial killings. Analyses of black intraracial killings are performed for comparison purposes. Collectively, the findings suggest that conflict‐based explanations rooted in racial antagonism and frustration aggression may be premature.     

俄罗斯铁路的改革与发展

随着俄罗斯铁路改革规划的推进,必将在俄罗斯的铁路系统引起巨大的变化。俄罗斯铁路通过政企分离,股份制改造,部分企业私有化,引入竞争机制,改善企业管理,提高经济效益,扩大融资渠道等,使俄罗斯铁路进入新的历史发展时期,并将在经济全球化进程中,更好地发挥国际铁路通道的作用。     

Influence of Family,Agency, and Caseworker Dynamics on Caregivers' Satisfaction With Their Child Protective Services Experience

Numerous child protective services (CPS) agencies have adopted differential responses as a system reform hypothesized to facilitate family engagement. This research tests a conceptual framework developed to examine dynamics between caregiver, agency, and caseworker factors that are assumed to impact caregiver engagement. Data from a randomized control study and structural equation modeling methods were used to explore the influence of these factors on caregiver satisfaction with their CPS experience. The results indicate that receipt of alternative response, caregivers' ratings of their caseworker's interaction style, and caregivers' positive emotional response influenced satisfaction with their intervention experience, while negative emotional responses did not.     

How Social Wealth Funds Could Help Tackle Inequality

This article examines the potential to tackle the roots of inequality by the introduction of one or more social wealth funds. Such funds would aim to capture some of the financial gains from the private ownership of capital—a principal driver of inequality—and use the proceeds for wider community benefit, such as investment in social infrastructure. In recent decades a number of countries have introduced a variant on such funds, mostly taking the form of state‐owned sovereign wealth funds resourced through the exploitation of oil, and used for a diversity of economic purposes. In contrast, the UK has failed to take the opportunity to create such funds by, for example, reinvesting the revenue from the sales of public assets. So would it be possible to build one or more such collectively owned funds in the UK, and if so, how should they be financed? As well as funding social investment and anti‐inequality programmes, could such a scheme also help finance a regular Citizen's Dividend payment or a Citizen's Income scheme?     

Poverty amid plenty: structural violence and local governance in western Congo

The protracted conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has drawn sharp criticism regarding the model of liberal peacebuilding employed in the country. Critics emphasise the importance of local ownership of peacebuilding mechanisms at sub-national as well as national levels. This raises questions in relation to the popular legitimacy and efficacy of local mechanisms. Drawing on field research conducted in the relatively affluent province of Bas-Congo in Western Congo, this article highlights a lack of popular legitimacy for provincial-level political authority within the province stemming from an acute marginalisation of the population from local structures of power and wealth. The article also demonstrates the inefficacy of more local, village and neighbourhood-based political structures which, aimed at conflict mitigation rather than transformation, ignore the structural roots of local conflicts and do little to counteract the growing social distrust, conflict and disintegration within local communities.     

政府采购法律问题研究

政府采购是现代政府的一项重要行为方式。随着体制改革的深化和加入世界贸易组织的需要 ,政府采购越来越受人们的重视。本文从政府采购的定义、起源入手 ,分析了政府采购的基本原则和主要功能 ,将各国政府采购制度进行了比较 ,并在此基础上提出了适应世贸组织《政府采购协议》及完善我国政府采购制度的若干政策建议。     

猪水泡病病毒结构蛋白编码区核苷酸的序列测定与分析

以猪水泡病病毒 (Swinevesiculardiseasevirus ,SVDV)HK’70为材料 ,用特异性引物扩增出P1区的 2个重叠目的片段 ,连接于pMD 18 T载体 ,转化JM 10 9感受态细胞。经重组质粒的双酶切 ,PCR鉴定后测序。序列分析表明 ,HK’70P1区核苷酸组成中A含量较高 ,G C含量较低 ,且A G、C T转换率较高。P1序列同源性分析表明 ,SVDVHK’70与J1’73、H/3’76、SVDV(Seechurn等测株 )、NET/1/92的核苷酸序列同源性分别为 97.8%、98.1%、97.6 %和 89.3% ;相应地 ,推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为 98.8%、98.7%、98.8%和 96 .5 %。     

Peer pressure and adolescent substance use

Peer influence is regarded as one of the strongest determinants of juvenile delinquency and particularly adolescent substance use. A commonly held view is that social pressure from friends to use drugs and alcohol is a major contributor to substance use. Yet the notion of peer pressure, implied by the association between peer-group associations and drug behavior, is seldom tested empirically. As a crucial test of the group pressure model, this research examines the role of peer pressure in mediating the effect of differential association on individual use. Moreover, few studies examine the nature of the relationship between peers and substance use as it relates to the processes leading toand from use. Drawing on differential association and social learning theories, our research specifies the social processes (socialization, group pressure, social selection, and rationalization) which dictate particular causal pathways leading to and from substance use and then estimates the reciprocal influences among differential association, social pressure from peers, attitudes favorable toward substance use, and individual use. Using the 1977–1979 National Youth Survey panel data, we estimate a covariance structural equation model allowing for correlated measurement error. In the cross-sectional analyses, we find no main effects of overt peer pressure on substance use. Estimation of the reciprocal effects model also reveals that overt peer pressure does not significantly influence substance use and does not mediate the effect of differential association. Instead, the influences of socialization, social selection, and rationalization play significant roles in understanding substance use.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1994 American Society of Criminology meetings in Miami, Florida.