Political Representation and Gender in Brazil: Quotas for Women and their Impact

In the 1990s, Brazilian Congress approved an electoral quota for female candidates in parliamentary competition (with exception of the Senate). The reticence of the law and the peculiarities of the Brazilian open lists electoral system have given rise to concern that the quotas will fail. In fact, there has been no great increase in the number of women in Brazilian legislatives – there has been some change in the municipalities, a little less in the states and almost nothing at the federal level. Analysing in detail the results of four elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies, two before and two after the quotas, it becomes apparent that, in Brazil, the impact of quotas is mediated far more than in other countries. Quotas provide, above all, an incentive to party elites to support an increase in the number of female political leaders, and the results may appear only at mid term.     

论雇主的工资续付义务

工资续付义务是雇主的法定义务，也是一项独立的义务，法律规定工资续付义务乃是基于特定的公共政策的考虑。工资续付义务可分为完全的工资续付义务、限制的工资续付义务和工资续付义务的免除三种类型。雇主应当自觉履行工资续付义务，劳动者可以通过工资续付请求权要求雇主履行义务；在雇主违反工资续付义务时，劳动者可以通过国家强制雇主履行义务。     

以治学来干世——略论郭沫若的学术实践

在学术与政治之间,郭沫若是心向政治的,他踏入学术圈,很大程度上是出于无奈或无聊,然而,他又不甘于做那种与世无涉的学术＂蠹鱼＂,身为＂革命的学术家＂,他将马克思主义思想理论渗入到学术研究之中,使得学术与政治两者因此得以沟通,学术最终成为郭沫若参与社会、介入政治的另一种方式,他的学术实践的成绩与失误皆在于此.     

宪法化的政治权利——参政权

我国宪法中的"政治权利"的概念直接来源于政治用语。对政治概念不加区分地法律化,引起概念逻辑的混乱,并导致了对权利的肆意破坏。因此,应当抛弃传统的"政治权利"概念,而提出"宪法化、法律化的政治权利"概念,即参政权体系。     

The third age of political communication

The author discusses the historical development of political media communication. The first age was a time of relatively easy access to the media; the second age showed the growing power of the media through access to television; and the third suggests an increasing proliferation of information channels within and beyond the mainstream mass media. Four current trends are analysed, with speculation of the subject of their future development. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

Contested Discourses on National Identity: Representing Nicaraguan Immigration to Costa Rica

This article explores the ways in which the immigration of Nicaraguans to Costa Rica is represented by Costa Rican institutions and individuals through public discourses and everyday life. Three discourses are considered. First, intellectual claims that immigration poses a threat to Costa Rican national identity, whereby intellectuals portray 'Costa Rica in crisis' due to immigration. Second, fictional works seek to represent issues regarding the Nicaraguan community in innovative ways, being open‐ended and including diverse voices. Third, stories written by Nicaraguan children are discussed in view of exploring how hostility towards immigration interpellates them, who face the challenge of negotiating their identities with their peers in everyday life. The article ends by asking for a politics able to defend public institutions and public investment, able to forge networks of solidarity with immigrant communities.     

当代西方政党政治的新趋势

政党模式的演变正在对西方国家现行的政党政治构成严峻的挑战.一些老牌政党要么改换门庭,要么被新兴的政党所取代.由于选票决定政党的命运,而选票又基本上掌握在选民手中,所以,在选举期间如何投选民之所好,在上台执政以后如何兑现承诺,满足选民的利益诉求,就成为政党的理念及其活动的首要内容.     

Marching for Progress: Rituals of Citizenship, State and Belonging in a High Andes District

This article explores processes of citizenship and state formation in the Central Peruvian Andes in the wake of the armed conflict through the lens of a public ritual, the celebration of a district anniversary. The celebration is a reservoir of practices from past forms of state formation and may be read as a claim for recognition as full‐blown members of the nation‐state. While practices of citizenship as rights are emerging, the celebration is permeated by the association between citizenship and civilization, with discipline playing a major role as an instrument of modernisation and progress.     

发展社会主义民主政治的关键环节--对实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化、程序化的思考

制度建设对党和国家的生存和发展至关重要。发展社会主义民主政治的关键环节是(?)义民主政治的制度建设,实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化、程序化。只有抓住这个关键(?)免剧烈的社会动荡,更好地贯彻既积极又稳妥的政治体制改革策略,坚定不移地走自己的政治(?)党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机结合和辨证统一。     

论官德在政治治理中的价值问题

文章探讨了官德与政治治理的关系及官德对政治治理的价值 ,认为官员的道德素养关涉着一个社会的政治紊乱与政治稳定 ,官德与政治治理是相辅相成、相反相成的。官德的价值 ,具体体现在官德与政治运行、政治效率、政治协调的关系上。