论灵感思维与刑事侦查

灵感思维是指人脑对某个问题百思不解而在内部或外界因素的触发下突然顿悟的一种思维形式。灵感思维具有偶然性与必然性的统一、久思性与突发性的统一、潜意识与显意识的统一、模糊性与明晰性的统一、单一性与综合性的统一等哲学特征。灵感思维在刑事侦查中有着十分重要作用,可以突破侦查僵局,可以侦破冷案,可以调整或改变审讯方案。刑侦人员只要努力培养和提高侦查灵感思维能力,就可不断提高破案效率。     

Forensic evaluation of sudden death due to tuberculosis

Abstract:  The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a major threat to TB control efforts. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with pulmonary TB. The scene investigation had initially suspected for homicide; however, the result of medico-legal autopsy demonstrated natural cause of death. Statistical data suggest that the rates of national mortality by respiratory TB decreased in the last decades in Hungary; however, an increasing TB mortality was detected in the capital Budapest. Facing a new mortality trend in TB, the forensic scene investigation and determination of manner of death represent new challenges for practitioners.     

Further observations on the speed of death in hanging

Given that most fatal hangings are suicidal and occur in locations that have been selected to conceal this activity (thus maximizing the chances of a lethal outcome), there has been very little corroboration of the speed with which unconsciousness and death may occur. A 35-year-old male is reported who committed suicide by hanging immediately after talking to his spouse. Police investigations confirmed her reliability as a witness indicating that lethal anoxia in this case had occurred within a very short time (most likely in less than 1 min) of suspension. The speed with which death may result from hanging not only gives an insight into fatal pathophysiological mechanisms, but also provides useful information for situations where a lethal outcome is to be avoided, or is not intended. For example, individuals at risk of suicide who are being monitored in institutional facilities need to be constantly under direct visual surveillance as significant hypoxia can be rapidly induced, parents and caregivers with infants and children in potentially unsafe sleeping environments need to realize how swiftly death or irreversible anoxic brain damage may occur from neck compression, and those who engage in recreational asphyxia should be informed just how quickly a fatal outcome may ensue.     

早期心肌缺血猝死心肌Ⅰ型胶原的表达

目的探讨Ⅰ型胶原蛋白在心肌早期缺血死后诊断中的法医学价值。方法将收集的案例心肌蜡块分为3组：正常对照组、早期心肌缺血组、心肌梗死组,用免疫组织化学技术（S-P法）,观察猝死心肌内Ⅰ型胶原的表达情况,对其结果进行半定量分析。结果早期心肌缺血组和心肌梗死组心肌细胞质以及细胞核染色阳性,且早期心肌缺血组与心肌梗死组表达强度相近,说明早期心肌缺血组在胶原网结构方面已经发生与心肌梗死相同的改变。结论Ⅰ型胶原可以作为早期心肌缺血的一个诊断指标。     

Sudden death in toddlers caused by influenza B infection: a report of two cases and a review of the literature

Sudden fatal cases of influenza B infection in a 4-year-old girl and a 2-year-old boy are presented. Both children complained of abdominal pain without respiratory, neurologic or cardiac symptoms; additionally the girl had vomiting within 2 days of death. Autopsy revealed histological changes in the respiratory system consistent with a viral infection. Influenza B infection was identified by immunohistochemistry in the girl and real-time polymerase chain reaction in the boy. Additional testing including cultures, toxicology, and screening for metabolic disorders were negative. These cases illustrate the usefulness of viral testing, especially for influenza, in the medical legal autopsy of children even when the classic respiratory symptoms of flu are lacking.     

论中国传统中的顿悟与创新

禅宗的顿悟对于中国传统思想影响深远。作为一种直觉式的思维方式,顿悟本来是有助于创新的,但实际上却由于其注重主观性、整体性、终极性的特点而阻碍了创新。这是造成中国历史上长期缺乏创新的思维根源。对于顿悟的反思揭示出中国传统思维方式中存在的问题,促使我们重新思考渐修和理性的价值,从而推动当代中国社会的创新和发展。     

Mutational analysis of TTN,TCAP and TPM1 in cardiomyopathy

Resent molecular genetic study revealed that defects in sarcomeric genes causes cardiomyopathies. Comprehensive screening of 3 sarcomeric genes: TTN (titin), TCAP (telethonin) and TPM1 (alpha-tropomyosin) were performed in 35 consented autopsy cases diagnosed as cardiomyopathy. One nonsynonymous mutation p.Val9710Ile detected in TTN, which located on binding region to cardiac ankyrin repeat protein was found in one DCM case. It was suggested that the mutation might alter interaction of the Z-disc components and caused cardiomyopathy. A single nucleotide polymorphism p.Ala151= found in TCAP had significant differences in gene frequency between DCM and control cases. It is necessary to analyze the other sarcomeric genes and clarify the relationship with aetiology.     

中国式多元化纠纷解决机制的建构——在涉法群体性突发事件视角下的探索

根据2005年的《社会蓝皮书》披露,从1993年到2003年间,中国群体性事件数量已由1万起增加到6万起,参与人数也由约73万增加到约307万。最近几年的数字尚在统计当中。然而,从2008年的贵州瓮安事件、甘肃陇南上访群众聚集冲击市委机关事件、云南孟连事件到2009年的＂6.20＂石首事件、＂5.30＂宿迁锦绣江南拆迁引发的死人事件、＂2.8＂贵州德江群体事件、＂5.19＂甘肃会宁平息千人群体事件、＂6.19＂湖南邵阳事件、＂9.4＂湖南吉首非法集资事件、＂11.13＂成都自焚拆迁户唐福珍死亡等事件看,结果的严重性一步步在上升,有大量无辜农村群众也卷入其中。因此,构建中国式的多元化纠纷解决机制已迫在眉睫。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎与死后胰腺自溶病理形态学变化

目的比较大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎（acute necrotizing pancreatitis,ANP）与各种急性死亡大鼠死后48h胰腺的病理形态学变化,探讨两者的鉴别点。方法参照文献制作ANP和电击、机械性窒息（勒死）、急性毒鼠强中毒动物模型,采用半定量评分和图像分析定量分析,观察死后48h胰腺大体和光镜下组织病理变化。结果ANP组炎细胞浸润、脂肪坏死、钙沉积3项与其他组相比有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论炎细胞浸润、脂肪坏死、钙沉积是ANP在普通光学显微镜下最重要的特异性形态学病理变化,对区别其他急性死亡和死后自溶胰腺有特别重要意义．     

Lethal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in a forensic context

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder that affects multiple organs. While the clinical manifestations may vary in intensity over time and be associated with chronic disease, occasional cases occur where sudden and unexpected death has occurred. Cardiovascular disease is common, with accelerated atherosclerosis, intravascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, and hypertensive cardiomegaly. Vasculitis with superimposed thrombosis may result in critical reduction in blood to vital organs, such as the heart and brain with infarction. Mesenteric ischemia may be caused by vasculitis, thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis and may result in lethal intestinal infarction. Other diverse causes of sudden death include myocarditis, epilepsy, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, and sepsis. The autopsy evaluation of such cases requires careful examination of all organs with extensive histological sampling to include blood vessels, and microbiological sampling for bacteria, viruses, and fungi.