解读“高校法治”,保障高校和谐与稳定

依法治国方略的推进拉开了高教领域法治的序幕,依法治校的实践成如火如荼之势。为实现高校的和谐与稳定,"高校法治"提供了一种理论维度的反思,实现了现实问题的学术化。现行研究存在混淆"高校法治"与"依法治校"、高校法治万能论及价值立场的忽视三种理论误区。只有合理地解析高校法治的内涵才能正本清源、消除歧见,完善高校法治的制度体系。     

浅析破坏生产经营罪

破坏生产经营罪本身的构成要件含糊不明,加之为顺应我国经济体制的变化,使法律适应客观形式的发展,1997年刑法将破坏集体生产罪修改为破坏生产经营罪,并对之进行体系结构归属调整。但也为此使刑法学者对破坏生产经营罪产生诸多争议。如此罪侵犯的客体是单一客体,还是复杂客体。特别是此罪容易与其他相关犯罪混淆,给司法实践带来不便。通过重新界定生产经营的内涵、犯罪的目的等,对其进行合理的限制解释,并将其与一些极易混淆的犯罪加以比较,进一步明确此罪。     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

依法反腐是提高执政能力的重要标志

执政党要维持对社会的统治,需要依靠掌握一定权力的大批官员,但少数官员又存在着以权谋私,变质为腐败分子的危险。因此,如何与腐败官员作斗争,关系到执政党的生死存亡,是对其执政能力的严重考验。而依靠法律制度来预防和反对腐败官员,是被历史证明了的最有效的手段。所以,我们辨别一个执政党的执政能力是否提高,有没有制订和实施惩治、预防腐败官员的法律制度是一个重要的标志。     

试论民间法的司法进入

法律的存在应该回应社会的需求,因此,国家不应忽视在社会中起实际调整作用的民间法。民间法具有地域性、非正式性和内生性等特点,它的特点决定了民间法进入国家法的最好途径是司法途径。当然这种进入不是无条件的,它要求能够作为法源的民间法要具有普遍性、延续性、适时性、合理性、可诉性和权利义务性。     

惩罚吸毒的根据——《禁毒法》(草案)引发的思考

国内法学界目前在对吸毒行为如何定性问题上有三种观点相持不下,焦点是吸毒的犯罪化与非犯罪化或者说是吸毒的合法化与非法化的问题。是否将吸毒犯罪化,涉及吸毒者是否应当受到刑罚、惩罚的对象以及应当受什么惩罚等问题。关于法律惩罚正当性的论证,既有报应主义和功利主义两种思路,又有强调个人自由的古典自由主义以及强调国家利益和社会利益的国家—社群主义两种立场。前者注重吸毒对社会法益的侵害,后者则关注公民反毒意识的形成。     

概念的系统性完善——论犯罪的方面与犯罪构成的要件、要素的关系

犯罪的方面包容相应的犯罪构成要件,犯罪构成要件由犯罪构成要素组成,对三者的定位涉及到坚持用科学系统论分析犯罪构成的问题,应当弥补传统刑法理论在概念上混淆三者的疏漏,科学构建完善作为理论大厦基石的概念,另外,对犯罪各方面下犯罪构成具体相应要件和要素纵向深入的剖析,进一步印证了对三者上述关系的分析。     

宪政视角下的国家刑罚权

国家刑罚权是一柄双刃剑,既能保证人权,也容易侵犯人权,因此必须以宪政的精神对刑罚权予以规制,特别是要以正当法律程序对其规制,使刑罚权更加谦抑、更符合人道性,这也是契合宪政之道的。     

心理应激与故意犯罪心理产生的关系

心理学的发展为预防和打击犯罪这一课题的研究提供了新的思考方向。心理应激是心理学的一个基本概念 ,可以从心理应激与犯罪心理产生之间的关系展开初步探讨 ,并进一步以案件为例加以印证。     

缅甸当前政治经济观察

当前缅甸的政治、经济局势值得深入观察.制订新宪法是缅甸 "民主路线图"七步计划的第一步.经过将近9个月的休会之后,旨在为缅甸新宪法制订架构的新一轮国民大会于2006年10月10日复会,这有力地推动了缅甸民主路线图计划的实施.但是,美国的打压有可能导致缅甸军政府放缓民主改革的进程. 尽管如此,在"先经济,后政治"方针的指引下,缅甸政府凭借丰富的自然资源,借助中国的经验,开展经济改革工作.