论我国检察机关领导体制和职权的改革与完善

改革完善我国检察机关的领导体制和职权需要坚持以下基本思路:坚持以宪法为依据;坚持以强化法律监督,维护公平正义为方向;坚持以人权保障为重点.在领导体制方面:应当在检察机关内部实行检察长领导下的民主集中制;赋予上级检察院对下级检察院检察长以提名权;在制度上保证检察一体原则得以实现.在检察职权方面:应当赋予检察机关在刑事审前程序中的司法审查功能;赋予检察机关在自诉案件中,当刑事自诉人由于特定原因不能继续参加或者维持诉讼的情况下担当诉讼的职权;落实并加强民事和行政领域中检察机关的法律监督权;赋予检察机关代表国家提起公益诉讼的职权.     

和谐社会语境下检察机关功能的重新定位——以刑事“冤案”为考察视角

刑事冤案是和谐社会的不和谐音符,法律监督的失效是其发生的直接原因。在现行制度下,作为法定监督机关的检察机关缺少监督动力,而当事人又缺少监督能力,理想的制度设计应该是耦合动力和能力,使法律监督真正发挥作用,因此必须以公诉权为中心对检察机关的功能进行重新定位。     

Increased lung weight in fatal intoxications is not unique to opioid drugs

Fatal intoxications with opioids are known to be associated with an increased lung weight, as well as with brain and pulmonary edema and urinary retention. However, there is evidence to suggest that fatal intoxications with non-opioid substances are also associated with increased lung weight; however, the latter aspect has not been comprehensively analyzed. To determine to what extent opioid and non-opioid substances are associated with increased lung and brain weight, we studied these organs in cases where the cause of death was attributed to intoxication with a single agent. Using data from cases autopsied at the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) in Sweden from 2009 through 2019 where the cause of death was attributed to a single substance, we created models of combined lung weight and brain weight. The models used age and sex as predictors as well as nested varying effects for the specific intoxicant and category of intoxicant. Suicidal hanging with negative toxicology cases served as controls. The population majority was male among both intoxications (68%) and controls (83%). The most common single substance group was opioids. All tested substances were associated with heavier lungs than controls, with the largest effect in the opioid group. Our findings show that several substances are associated with increased lung weight and that among intoxication deaths there is no difference in expected brain weight between substances. Hence, heavy lungs, without a reasonable explanation, should prompt a broad toxicological screening.     

中国《人体器官移植条例》评析

人体器官移植是医学科学的重大进步,已经成为拯救器官功能衰竭病人的重要手段。该文采用比较方法分析了中国第一部《人体器官移植条例》存在的不足,并就完善中国人体器官移植条例从可移植器官范围、基本原则、捐献人范围和脑死亡等方面提出了建议。     

职务犯罪调查中的检察引导问题研究

国家监察体制改革完成后,监察机关既承担着违纪违法的调查职责,也拥有了对职务犯罪的调查权,监察调查因被认为"不是侦查",使得职务犯罪的追诉呈现出一种全新的"调查—公诉"模式。该模式可能存在多种隐患,尤其是监察机关的刑事调查或将游离于"诉讼"之外,甚至有诱发"调查中心主义"的危险。要使"调查—公诉"模式得以优化升级,特别是在"以审判为中心"的统辖下,应考虑确立职务犯罪调查中的检察引导制度。作为公诉的准备活动,监察机关的刑事调查与公安机关的侦查一样,也是国家追诉犯罪机制的一个有机组成部分。要确保追诉能够取得成功,避免不必要的错误和疏漏,实现惩治腐败的有效性,应让检察机关介入监察机关的刑事调查,使其能够动态地了解整个刑事调查过程,并可以运用自己的诉讼经验,就证据的收集、固定、审查和运用向监察机关提出意见。尽管监察体制改革对检察机关的法律监督地位产生了重要影响,但这并不妨碍其通过提前介入、决定逮捕、退回补充调查、非法证据排除、不起诉等多种方式,来引导乃至监督监察机关的刑事调查。     

民事检察监督与审判独立之关系的合理建构

对权力的监督有纵向和横向两种模式。我国现行民事检察监督体制具有纵向模式的特征,其缺陷是容易与审判独立原则发生冲突,形成对审判独立的干预。因此,正确处理两者关系的关键在于恰当地进行权限分工与平衡。