刑事一审裁判质量保证体系论纲

一审程序是审判程序的核心。刑事一审裁判质量的高下,事关诉讼公正与诉讼效率。公诉案件的一审裁判是在侦查、起诉、辩护、审判各方的共同作用下形成的。任何一方职能萎缩或者得不到充分发挥,一审裁判质量就没有保证。要保证刑事一审裁判的质量,就必须保证侦查、起诉的质量,落实有效辩护,保证合议庭、独任庭正确认定事实和适用法律。     

现场勘查的安全防护

现场勘查工作存在大量潜在危险,然而该问题长期以来没有引起足够的重视。针对爆炸现场、火灾现场、尸体现场和普通现场以及使用刑事技术仪器设备存在的险情进行分析,探讨相应的防护措施,并提出加强现场勘查安全防护的若干建议。     

犯罪现场勘查存在的问题及其对策

通过现场勘查,就是要查清事件的性质,即研究和了解犯罪分子作案情况、作案动机和手段;研究和了解犯罪分子本人的特点和特征;发现和提取犯罪分子作案遗留的痕迹、物证;为侦查破案提供各方面的犯罪信息。侦查人员依靠这些犯罪信息,“再现犯罪”,确定侦查范围,制定侦查计划,采取侦查措施,进行侦查破案。     

论侦查机关内设鉴定机构的法律性质

刑事侦查机关内设鉴定机构所从事的司法鉴定活动的法律定性在理论上尚存争议。从司法鉴定的性质看,对鉴定人与鉴定机构的关系剖析基础上论证侦查机关内设鉴定机构实行自然人鉴定人制度．并对其独立性及回避等诉讼程序问题进行探讨。     

解读新律师法第33条对侦查工作的影响和对策

新修订的《律师法》第33条规定赋予了律师会见犯罪嫌疑人、被告人“不受监听、不需批准”的特权,被看做是加强被追诉方力量、强化侦查阶段控辩双方对抗性的信号,对侦查工作将产生重大的影响。为此,侦查机关应认真解读新法条的内容和立法本意,作好侦查工作的调整和观念的转变,完成侦查模式由过分依赖口供向综合搜集利用证据的办案模式转变,开拓秘密侦查取证的新途径,并尽量做好律师会见过程中的防范措施。     

论诱惑侦查与刑法的关系

诱惑侦查手段在我国和世界许多国家的运用已是不争的事实。但对其基本概念的界定及基本理论的定位还存有重大争议。本文试图对警察圈套和诱惑侦查这两个一直以来颇有争议的问题进行概念上的辨析,并从刑法的角度对诱惑侦查存在的价值进行评析,同时从教唆犯罪的角度对诱惑侦查后果的处理作一设想。     

Loose‐Lipped Mobile Device Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Discussion of Information Gleaned from Siri on Locked iOS Devices

The forensic analysis of mobile handsets is becoming a more prominent factor in many criminal investigations. Despite such devices frequently storing relevant evidential content to support an investigation, accessing this information is becoming an increasingly difficult task due to enhanced effective security features. Where access to a device's resident data is not possible via traditional mobile forensic methods, in some cases it may still be possible to extract user information via queries made to an installed intelligent personal assistant. This article presents an evaluation of the information which is retrievable from Apple's Siri when interacted with on a locked iOS device running iOS 11.2.5 (the latest at the time of testing). The testing of verbal commands designed to elicit a response from Siri demonstrate the ability to recover call log, SMS, Contacts, Apple Maps, Calendar, and device information which may support any further investigation.     

“Undoing” (or Symbolic Reversal) at Homicide Crime Scenes

A closed case file review of a nonrandom national sample of 975 homicides disclosed 11 cases (1.13%) of undoing, wherein offenders engaged in crime scene behavior that has been considered an attempt to symbolically reverse the murder. The frequency of the various methods of undoing involved the use of blankets to cover the victim's body (55%), positioning the body (55%), use of a bed or couch (42%), washing the body (36%), using pillows (36%), as well as removing clothing and adding other types of adornments (27%). Ten of the 11 offenders were male, and one was female; all 12 victims were female. Ten of the 12 victims were family members or relationship intimates. These findings are consistent with prior reports which concluded that the motivation for undoing behavior is an attempt to compensate for guilt or remorse for having committed the homicide.     

Forensic Radiology Pitfalls: CT Imaging in Gunshot Wounds of the Head

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is increasingly used in emergency departments and trauma services and is being offered as a supplemental tool with autopsy in coroner's and medical examiner's offices throughout the United States. The availability of CT images in lieu of traditional X‐rays for medicolegal autopsies may lead to misinterpretation of images for forensic pathologists who are not familiar with these types of images. Forensic pathologists must become familiar with CT imaging, the basis of CT image formation and how to interpret CT images appropriately. We highlight potential pitfalls of CT image interpretation through two cases of fatal gunshot wounds of the head. Antemortem CT imaging available at the time of autopsy led to discrepancy between the initial image findings and the autopsy due to inexperienced manipulation of the images. With appropriate understanding of CT image interpretation and manipulation, forensic personnel should be able to avoid most sources of misinterpretation.     

侦查中影响测谎结论准确性的因素

测谎技术是当前在侦查实践中经常使用的一种技术手段,由于受主观和客观因素的影响,使得测谎结论出现偏差。本文通过对测谎技术存在误差的客观性、常见误差的分析及衡平的探究,进而对影响准确性的因素进行剖析,总结性的得出测谎准确度的使用公式。