化学显色法快速筛选饮料及尿液中γ-羟基丁酸和γ-丁内酯

目的建立化学显色法快速筛选饮料及尿液中γ-羟基丁酸(GHB)及其前体γ-丁内酯(GBL)的方法。方法在酸性条件下GHB转化为GBL,GBL和盐酸羟胺在碱性条件下生成γ-羟基丁酰羟胺,γ-羟基丁酰羟胺在酸性条件下和三氯化铁反应,生成紫红色的络合物。结果饮料中GHB最低检出浓度为0.5～2mg/mL,低于常见滥用质量浓度。该方法也可以用于尿液分析,最低检出质量浓度为0.5mg/mL。考察了常见有机溶剂和麻醉镇静药物的干扰。结论该方法简单、安全、快速,为临床和法庭科学实验室快速筛选GHB和GBL提供了便利。     

Navigating adolescent depression and anxiety in the context of parenting plan evaluations

This article touches upon theories accounting for the rise in adolescent anxiety and depression and how the prevalence of adolescent anxiety and depression affects how we navigate parenting plan evaluations. This article also discusses the importance of screening youth for depressive and anxious symptoms and assessing family, parental, and youth risk and protective factors related to adolescent depression and anxiety. This article also highlights the importance of assessing for mediating factors that increase the risk of anxiety and depression in youth in the context of parental separation, such as interparental conflict, financial difficulties, and limited contact with one parent. This article also identifies various methods of assessing depression and anxiety, including the adolescent interview, observations during the interview, and self-report measures. Additionally, this article discusses potential interventions that address mediators of the impact of divorce, such as parenting problems, family conflict, or the parent–child relationship.     

REPORT FROM THE WINGSPREAD CONFERENCE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND FAMILY COURTS

In February 2007 the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts brought together a working group of thirty‐seven experienced practitioners and researchers to identify and explore conceptual and practical tensions that have hampered effective work with families in which domestic violence has been identified or alleged. Five central sets of issues were raised at the conference and are discussed in this report. These include the following: differentiation among families experiencing domestic violence, screening and triage, participation by families in various processes and services, appropriate outcomes for children, and family court roles and resources. The report emphasizes the need for continued multidisciplinary collaboration in order to better serve families affected by domestic violence and it includes an appendix of consensus points as well as suggestions for formation of ongoing work groups.     

Mental health expertise at prison reception

Although screening has become an established procedure in prison health care, some difficulties persist. In attempts to improve this, many local adaptations have been introduced, but few have been evaluated. We introduced an adaptation – mental health expertise (a Community Psychiatric Nurse, CPN) – into the reception area of a busy remand prison, and compared standard and enhanced assessment procedures over a six-month period. Referrals (n = 67) were significantly more likely to be suitable for onward caseworking by the clinical team after a CPN was introduced. The team showed little evidence of the ‘mission creep’ (where teams operating at a secondary level absorb mental health problems at a primary care level) that has been described elsewhere in the literature. Despite its limitations, this evaluation suggests that prison pathways can be improved by relatively inexpensive local initiatives, and that advancing specific mental health expertise into prison reception areas can enhance existing processes.     

马立克病肿瘤相关抗原间接ELISA检测方法的建立

用自制并纯化的马立克病肿瘤相关表面抗原(MATSA)免疫SPF级BALB／c小鼠制备阳性对照抗体,以SPF级BALB／c小鼠血清为阴性对照抗体,筛选间接ELISA检测MATSA抗体的最佳反应条件。结果,包被液为0．1 mol／L pH 9．6的碳酸盐缓冲液,抗原包被浓度为4μg／mL,封闭液为含10 g／L BSA的PBST,抗血清稀释比例为1:800,酶标抗体稀释比例为1:1200,酶标抗体作用时间为37℃温育45 min,底物作用时间为37℃温育15 min,终止液为2 mol／L H2SO4,洗涤4次,每次1min为最佳反应条件。将建立的方法应用于MATSA单克隆抗体研制过程中阳性克隆的筛选,成功获得了MATSA的单克隆抗体,表明该优化条件为间接ELISA检测MATSA抗体的最佳反应条件。     

Screening Biological Stains with qPCR versus Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Test Strips: A Quantitative Comparison using Analytical Figures of Merit

Biological fluid identification is an important facet of evidence examination in forensic laboratories worldwide. While identifying bodily fluids may provide insight into which downstream DNA methods to employ, these screening techniques consume a vital portion of the available evidence, are usually qualitative, and rely on visual interpretation. In contrast, qPCR yields information regarding the amount and proportion of amplifiable genetic material. In this study, dilution series of either semen or male saliva were prepared in either buffer or female blood. The samples were subjected to both lateral flow immunochromatographic test strips and qPCR analysis. Analytical figures of merit—including sensitivity, minimum distinguishable signal (MDS) and limit of detection (LOD)—were calculated and compared between methods. By applying the theory of the propagation of random errors, LODs were determined to be 0.05 μL of saliva for the RSID? Saliva cards, 0.03 μL of saliva for Quantifiler^® Duo, and 0.001 μL of semen for Quantifiler^® Duo. In conclusion, quantitative PCR was deemed a viable and effective screening method for subsequent DNA profiling due to its stability in different matrices, sensitivity, and low limits of detection.     

The predictive validity of the Depression Hopelessness Suicide screening form for self-harm among prisoners

The Depression Hopelessness Suicide Screening Form (DHS) includes 12 ‘critical items’, which have not been validated for the prospective prediction of self-harm. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (N = 4196) to validate the ability of the DHS critical items to prospectively predict inmates with at least one incident of self-harm during the first six months of imprisonment. While the critical items were highly sensitive (89.5%) at predicting incidents of self-harm, 51.3% of the inmates endorsed at least one item. Five items reflecting more recent and specific risk factors reduced the referral rate to 17.7%, while maintaining high sensitivity (84.2%). While the DHS has high sensitivity to predict inmates at risk of self-harm, treating all items as equally critical results in excessive numbers of false positives that likely exceed the capacity of prison resources for professional assessment and intervention. Referral rules based on recency and specificity of risk factors are proposed.     

基因筛检受检者权利研究

基因筛检是预防疾病的重要的公共健康手段.在基因筛检医疗关系中,医疗机构应将基因筛检的目的、内容、程序、可能的结果、可能的选择等信息告知受检者,受检者享有知情后同意的权利.对于筛检结果,医疗机构应向受检者告知,提供后续解读与遗传咨询,并应采取保密措施,未经受检者同意,不得向雇主和保险人透露.受检者对筛检结果享有隐私权,为公共健康等目的限制隐私权的情形应由法律作出明确规定.除政府强制性筛检外,受检者对基因筛检享有自主决定权.政府为了公共健康的必要目的,在法律授权下,可以要求民众接受基因筛检,但应避免对个人身体权和自主决定权的过度侵害,所选手段应限于侵害最小.     

Screening of Women in Jail for Health Risks and Needs

Abstract

In order to address the relative lack of services for women who come into contact with the criminal justice system, there is a need to develop quick and easily administered screening tools. This pilot study was conducted with 110 women in two urban county jails in Ohio. The purpose of the project was to develop and pilot a quick multidimensional screening instrument for women in jail to identify risk and rehabilitative needs. The project resulted in a 15-item screening tool which can be used in urban crowded jail settings to identify women at risk for health, substance abuse, mental health, family, employment or housing risks.