下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床法医学鉴定

下肢深静脉血栓形成是交通损伤后常见的并发症,其伤病关系和伤残等级的鉴定是法医学鉴定的难点之一。在下肢深静脉血栓形成发展至下肢深静脉血栓后综合征时,下肢深静脉发生了血栓的堵塞、瓣膜和静脉壁的破坏,致循环系统和下肢功能障碍,严重影响伤者的生活质量和工作能力。本文通过文献回顾,分析不同类型下肢深静脉血栓对机体的影响,探讨其伤病关系、评残时机、伤残等级的鉴定方法。     

Parental alienation (syndrome) in child custody cases: survivors’ experiences and the logic of psychosocial and legal services in Italy

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation (syndrome) is a controversial issue, criticized by experts in different fields. However, this concept is often used by professionals and is frequently cited in courtrooms. This qualitative study focuses on parental alienation and explores women’s experiences as well as legal and social services’ practices in child custody cases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with separated mothers who were victims of intimate partner violence, and with social workers and psychologists/psychiatrists designated by courts to evaluate parenting skills. Expert reports, psychological assessments and legal documents were also analysed. Results show that professionals endorsed parental alienation and considered it a ‘feminine problem’. Women were often blamed and labeled as ‘engaging in parental alienation’ when they were trying to ensure their children’s safety. Children’s accounts were interpreted as being a result of their mothers’ manipulation. In contrast, fathers were treated as victims of vindictive women who want to keep children to themselves. Men’s violent behaviours were not considered, and their role as fathers was seen as ‘inviolable’. These practices seem to reflect the ‘good-enough father’ approach, according to which the presence of the father is essential for children’s development, regardless of his violent behaviours.     

调神益肾针法对更年期大鼠雌激素效应器官的作用

目的：研究调神益肾针法对更年期雌性大鼠外周经典效应器官－－阴道、子宫形态功能活动的影响。方法：用巴氏染色观察阴道脱落细胞，用苏木精－伊红染色结合计算机图像处理观察子宫组织结构。结果：调神益肾针法能使原停留在间情期的更期大鼠重新出现典型的动情期阴道细胞涂片，子宫内膜萎缩性变化有所减轻，腺体增多，腺上皮细胞功能活跃。结论：调神益肾针法可改善雌激素效应器官异常的形态功能活动。     

肺气虚证模型豚鼠肺功能与血气分析的变化

目的:观测肺气虚证模型豚鼠肺功能与血气分析的变化。方法:采用卵白蛋白(OVA)复制哮喘模型并加以改良法,建立肺气虚证模型豚鼠;对正常对照组(对照组)、肺气虚证模型组(模型组)两组动物进行肺功能与血气分析的检测。结果:与对照组比较,模型组肺功能指标吸气阻力(Ri)与呼气阻力(Re)均显著增加,第0.3秒用力呼气容积(FEV0.3)及肺顺应性(Cldyn)下降,血气分析中氧分压(pO2)、氧饱和度(SaO2)及酸碱值(pH)降低,而二氧化碳分压(pCO2)则升高。结论:肺气虚证有一定的肺功能损害,并呈现低氧与高碳酸血症。     

婴幼儿猝死综合征心传导系统的免疫组化研究

作者应用ＰＧＰ９．５与抗Ｓ１００抗体和高压消毒蒸锅抗原复活技术对４例婴幼儿猝死综合征（ＳＩＤＳ）和３例非心源性死亡对照婴儿心传导系统的神经组织总量进行免疫组化研究。结果：在正常婴儿心传导系统，ＰＧＰ９．５与Ｓ１００阳性的神经纤维里不均匀分布，以窦房结最多，房室结次之，希氏束最少；４例ＳＩＤＳ心传导系统的神经组织分布同对照组无明显差异。     

Floppy aortic valve presenting as sudden death

A previously healthy 34-year-old Dutch immigrant to Australia died unexpectedly in his sleep. At autopsy the only significant finding was a floppy aortic valve (FAV). Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic studies corroborated the macroscopic diagnosis. Previously described associations of the FAV include the floppy mitral valve, Marfan's syndrome, aortic root dilatation and aortic cystic medial necrosis. None of these features were found in the present case which is the first recorded example of isolated FAV presenting as sudden death. The mechanism of death is obscure, and while it is presumed to be dysrhythmic, a detailed histological examination of the cardiac conducting system revealed no anatomic abnormality.     

婴儿急死综合征(SIDS)颈动脉体的超微结构

作者利用透射电镜对8例婴儿急死综合征死亡及4例其他原因死亡的婴儿的颈动脉体进行观察。发现婴儿急死综合征与非婴儿急死综合征死亡的婴儿,其颈动脉体的主细胞形态结构相似。两组检材的主细胞内均含大量致密颗粒,其大小及数量无明显不同。认为有必要进一步应用生化技术对婴儿急死综合征颈动脉体主细胞中致密颗粒物质进行定性和定量研究。     

痰瘀同治必调气

“痰瘀同病”为许多慢性病、老年病之主要病机，“痰瘀同治”为其基本治则，然而，气的失常既为痰，瘀之病理基础，又为痰瘀同病之继发病变，互为因果，痰瘀同治之中，又须参入行气，补气之品。     

贞芪益肾颗粒治疗慢性肾炎气阴两虚兼湿热证疗效观察

目的 :观察贞芪益肾颗粒治疗慢性肾小球肾炎气阴两虚兼湿热证的疗效。方法 :采用随机、双盲双模拟、对照方法 ,治疗组 2 8例患者服用贞芪益肾颗粒加空白模拟片 ,对照组 2 6例患者服用肾炎康复片加空白模拟颗粒。观察两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分值、尿蛋白及尿红细胞的变化情况。结果 :治疗组临床总有效率为 82 .1% ,尿蛋白总有效率为 85 .7% ;对照组均为 6 5 .4 % ,治疗组疗效优于对照组。治疗组尿红细胞总有效率为 6 8.8% ,对照组为 6 1.5 % ,两组疗效比较 ,差异无显著性。两组患者中医证候积分值治疗后均明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,且治疗组较对照组下降更为明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :贞芪益肾颗粒能明显改善慢性肾小球肾炎气阴两虚兼湿热证的临床表现 ,降低尿中蛋白和红细胞数量     

养阴抗毒胶囊对糖皮质激素致阴虚大鼠血浆ACTH、CORT的影响

目的:探讨养阴抗毒胶囊2号(YC2)防治糖皮质激素(GC)不良反应的机制。方法:SD大鼠60只,随机分为空白对照组,阴虚模型组,YC2(高)、(中)、(低)组,六味地黄丸组。在中药预处理及模型复制给药9 d后,取血,用放射免疫方法检测各组血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及皮质醇(CORT)的含量。结果:阴虚模型组ACTH及CORT含量明显高于空白对照组,各中药组血浆ACTH及CORT含量均不同程度低于阴虚模型组。结论:GC所致“阴虚”证与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)功能亢进密切相关,YC2明显改善GC作用下HPA轴功能亢进的状态,可能是其预防和治疗GC不良反应的机制之一。