桥本氏病伴发甲状腺结节临床特征和中医证候分布

目的 分析桥本氏病伴发甲状腺结节的临床特征及相关影响因素和中医证候分布,为早期防治桥本氏病伴发甲状腺结节提供参考.方法 将175例桥本氏病患者分为桥本氏病伴发甲状腺结节组(109例)与非结节组(66例),比较两组的一般情况、甲状腺功能、抗甲状腺抗体、甲状腺超声的差异,分析桥本氏病伴发甲状腺结节的中医证候特点,采用Log...     

缺血性脑卒中患者发病节气与证型的相关性研究

目的 探究缺血性脑卒中发病节气与证型的相关性。方法 选取2021年天津中医药大学第一附属医院住院病历系统中4 838例缺血性脑卒中患者,使用频数分布统计法对其性别、年龄、发病节气、中医证型等信息进行分析,计算患者的发病日期对应的发病节气,然后分析缺血性脑卒中的发病节气与中医证型的相关性;使用圆形分布统计法探究发病节气、中医证型的高峰点。结果 4 838例患者中,男性3 233例（66.8%）,女性1 605例（33.2%）;60~69岁有1 814例（37.5%）,为发病人数最多的年龄段;阴虚动风证2 268例（46.9%）,风痰阻络证1 231例（25.4%）,两者为最常见的证型;清明为发病率最高的节气,总体发病节气无绝对高峰期,惊蛰为阴虚动风证发病高峰,小满为风痰阻络证发病高峰。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者男性多于女性,60~69岁年龄段发病人数最多,整体发病不存在绝对高峰节气,阴虚动风、风痰阻络两种证型的发病存在高峰期,阴虚动风证的发病高峰节气是惊蛰,风痰阻络证的发病高峰节气为小满,提示二十四节气内均可发病,重点人群要积极且持续的预防。     

穴位贴敷联合加味葛根芩连汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征脾胃湿热证临床疗效观察

目的 观察穴位贴敷联合加味葛根芩连汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome,IBS-D）脾胃湿热证的临床疗效。方法 将60例IBS-D脾胃湿热证患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组予以加味葛根芩连汤治疗,治疗组采用穴位贴敷联合加味葛根芩连汤治疗,疗程均为2周。观察两组临床疗效及生活质量改善情况。结果 治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）;与治疗前比较,两组治疗后腹泻、腹痛、口渴、小便短黄、肛门灼热积分和总积分均显著降低（P＜0.05）,治疗组腹泻积分和总积分降低程度显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组生活质量评分（SF-12）总分均明显提高（P＜0.05）,但治疗组较对照组提高更为显著（P＜0.05）。结论 加味葛根芩连汤能改善IBS-D脾胃湿热证患者的临床症状,提高其生活质量,联合穴位贴敷治疗疗效更佳。     

益气活血方联合心脏康复治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的 观察益气活血方联合心脏康复治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法 将80例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组40例。对照组给予西药治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予益气活血方联合心脏康复疗法。治疗前后分别采用中医证候积分法评价中医证候疗效,采用纽约心脏病协会（New York Heart Association,NYHA）心功能分级标准评价心功能疗效,采用双向测流免疫法检测血浆N末端脑利钠肽前体（N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP）,进行6分钟步行测试（6-minute walking test, 6MWT）,采用M型心脏超声心动图检测左室舒张末内径(the left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVEDd）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）,采用心肺功能设备检测无氧阈值摄氧量（anaerobic threshold, AT）和峰值摄氧量（peak oxygen uptake, peak VO2）,观察两组临床疗效。结果 两组治疗12周后患者中医证候积分、NT-proBNP、LVEDd均较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05),且治疗组下降程度更为明显（P＜0.05)。治疗后两组心功能、6MWT、LVEF、AT、peak VO2值均较治疗前明显增加（P＜0.05),且治疗组增加程度更为明显（P＜0.05)。结论 益气活血方联合心脏康复能改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能。     

幽门螺杆菌既往感染胃癌前状态的中医证候学特点探究

目的 基于《京都胃炎分类》中的内镜表现探讨幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori, Hp)既往感染状态胃癌前状态的中医证候学特点。方法 按照《京都胃炎分类》中的方法,收集内镜下表现符合Hp既往感染胃癌前状态特征的205例患者的中医四诊信息,采用因子分析和聚类分析,浅析其中医证候学特点。结果 经过因子分析提取出15个公因子,主要病位证素为肝、脾、胃,涉及的病性证素为气虚、阴虚、阳虚、火热、湿浊、血瘀、血热、痰浊、食积,经聚类得出肝胃气滞兼脾气亏虚证、脾胃湿热兼气阴两伤证、湿热瘀阻证、胃气壅滞证、肝胃郁热证、肝郁脾虚证共6个证型。结论 应用《京都胃炎分类》中的内镜观察方法,结合Hp既往感染病史及病理结果,所获得的Hp既往感染状态下胃癌前状态的中医证候学特点,能够为中医药诊治本病提供较为准确的辨证依据和思路。     

Denial of pregnancy and neonaticide: A historical overview and case report

While denial of pregnancy and neonaticide are rare, they are potentially associated and share some risk factors. Neonaticide has been proposed as the extreme outcome of a denial of pregnancy. However, the process leading to such a possible outcome is not yet fully understood. The primary goal of this essay is to examine the various definitions and ambiguities surrounding the denial of pregnancy. The case of a young woman with a history of two denied pregnancies with diverse characteristics and outcomes, the latest of which resulted in neonaticide, is then reported and examined. A forensic psychiatric evaluation was also performed to reconstruct the woman's mental state at the time of the crime. The forensic pathological analysis of the newborn, abandoned near the sea while still alive, is described. The victim's body showed signs of shaken baby syndrome. We contend that differing levels of awareness during a denial of pregnancy might not be predictive of the potential delivery outcome in terms of threat to the newborn's survival, according to the forensic pathological and psychopathological data of the current case. Early identification of women affected by denial of pregnancy who pose a danger of committing infanticide is hampered by both intrinsic traits (dissimulation, unawareness, low propensity to seek assistance) and environmental factors (isolation, low socioeconomic level, poor education.). A previous history of denial of pregnancy should activate health and support services to reduce the potential risks for the mother and the child.     

Sexual Behavioral Disinhibition Associated with Nucleus Lentiformis Lesion: A Forensic Neuroscience Perspective Through a Case

Organic brain disturbances particularly related to frontal cortex structures and subcortical areas including the basal ganglia may play a role in behavioral disinhibition disorders. Kluver–Bucy syndrome (KBS), which is one of the better knowns of these syndromes, includes hyperorality, visual agnosia, and hypersexuality, has been reported to occur after temporal lobe and amygdala lesions; however, several patients who had focal lesions in areas other than the temporal cortex and amygdala have been reported to present partial KBS symptoms. Nucleus lentiformis refers to a large portion of the basal ganglia including the putamen and globus pallidus, and specific structures within this broad area are known to be important for reward and value-based decision making. To date, KBS symptoms including hypersexual behavior associated with nucleus lentiformis lesions have never been reported. Here, we present a 38-year-old male patient who developed increased sexual interest and hyperorality after infarctions in the right lenticular nucleus and right occipitotemporal region and committed a first-degree sexual assault. He was sent to our institution for the assessment of criminal responsibility to the index sexual crime. According to a comprehensive and thorough forensic psychiatric evaluation, he was diagnosed as having an organic personality disorder with partial KBS symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of deviant sexual behavior and hyperorality developing after nucleus lentiformis infarction. We aimed to discuss possible neurobiologic explanations of late-onset deviant sexual behavior, which resulted in sexual criminal behavior following a cerebrovascular infarction.     

GPD1-L基因检测及其与青壮年猝死综合征的相关性

目的探寻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶样基因(glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene,GPD1-L)的变异位点,讨论其与青壮年猝死综合征(sudden manhood death syndrome,SMDS)的关系。方法提取SMDS组及健康对照组血样的基因组DNA,采用PCR法扩增GPD1-L基因编码区外显子、外显子-内含子交界区以及3′侧翼区序列,直接进行DNA测序以明确遗传变异类型,并进行基因型频率和等位基因频率的统计学分析。结果在SMDS组中共检测到2个变异位点,c.465CT和c.*18GT,后者在SMDS组和对照组中基因型分布和等位基因频率存在一定差异,但无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GPD1-L基因变异与中国人SMDS发生的相关性尚有待进一步研究。     

Hippocampal Agenesis in an Individual who Engaged in Violent Criminal Behaviors After Discontinuing Carbamazepine and Paroxetine Treatment

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) occurs after abrupt discontinuation of an antidepressant medication. A 23‐year‐old man with right hippocampal agenesis demonstrated sexual crime (hypersexuality) since the age of eight and had been successfully treated with carbamazepine since the age of 13. He had required increased doses of paroxetine and carbamazepine owing to the development of an unstable affect after quitting his job. He abruptly stopped taking his medication for 3 days and his criminal behaviors re‐emerged. We examined changes in brain structure and activity before and after medication cessation, using MRI and functional MRI (fMRI). The image of a girl in a swimsuit increased activity in the thalamus only after medication discontinuation. The alteration in thalamic activity might induce hypersexuality. We conclude that a primary hypersexuality had been suppressed with carbamazepine and paroxetine treatment, and the discontinuation of the medication caused the hypersexuality.     

Sudden Death in Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the connective tissue. The most serious complications of this syndrome are defects of the heart valves and aorta. Aneurysms of thoracic aorta are known to develop in Marfan syndrome. Other causes for development of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are trauma, infections, valve and arch anomalies, genetic disorders, and atherosclerosis. These aneurysms upon rupture may lead to sudden deaths. They are usually detected during routine screening or follow‐up of such persons suffering from Marfan syndrome and upon death will be certified by the treating physician. Thus, an autopsy surgeon rarely comes across such deaths. One such case of sudden death due to cardiac tamponade consequent upon rupture of dissecting aortic aneurysm in a 33‐year‐old male who complained of throbbing pains in the chest, radiating to back, became breathless, cyanotic and died on the way to hospital is being presented here.