论我国审查逮捕程序中当事人权益的保障

我国刑事诉讼程序中，逮捕作为一项最严厉的强制措施，起着打击犯罪，维护社会稳定的重要作用。但实践中由于办案人员普遍存在重打击轻保护的执法观念，导致很多不该捕或无逮捕必要的嫌疑人都作了批捕，以致打击面过宽，其结果无疑对嫌疑人的合法权益造成严重损害。应当建立和完善我国审查逮捕的立法规定及有关制度，保护审查逮捕中嫌疑人的合法权益。     

电子数据鉴定体系建设构想

电子数据鉴定工作在我国起步较晚,电子证据作为一种新型证据,由于其特有的属性,决定了证据的获取、检验、分析及展示均不同于传统证据,需要建立严密、科学规范的电子数据鉴定体系,保证电子证据的完整性、真实性及证明力。     

裁判公开制度研究

裁判公开与审理公开是审判公开制度的两大基本内容,但我国却疏于对裁判公开进行必要的研 究与规制。其实,裁判公开具有丰富的价值功能,各国立法对裁判公开的层面选择并不完全相 同。我国程序立法应当重视裁判公开的多层面性,并在此基础上结合我国的实际情况作出立法 选择。     

The Relationship Between the Surface Morphology and Chemical Composition of Gunshot Residue Particles

In this study, chemical composition and morphology of gunshot residue (GSR) of 9 × 19 mm Parabellum‐type MKE (Turkey)‐brand ammunition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. GSR samples were collected by “swab” technique from the shooter's right hand immediately after shooting. According to general principles of thermodynamics, it is likely that the structures will have a more regular (homogeneous) spherical form to minimize their surface area due to very high temperatures and pressures that occur during explosion. Studied samples were collected under the same conditions with the same original ammunition, from the same firearm and a single shooter. This is because many other variables may affect size, structure, and composition in addition to the concentrations of elements of the structure. Results indicated that the chemical compositions are effective in the formation of GSR morphological structures.     

Fatal Intoxication with α‐PVP,a Synthetic Cathinone Derivative

This study presents the fatal case of a young man who was admitted to the ICAU due to sudden cardiac arrest. An interview revealed that the patient had taken some unspecified crystals. From the moment of admission, his condition deteriorated dramatically as a result of increasing circulatory insufficiency. After a few hours, sudden cardiac arrest occurred again and the patient was pronounced dead. In the course of a medicolegal autopsy, samples of biological material were preserved for toxicology tests and histopathological examination. The analysis of samples using the LC‐MS/MS technique revealed the presence of α‐PVP in the following concentrations: blood—174 ng/mL, urine—401 ng/mL, brain—292 ng/g, liver—190 ng/g, kidney—122 ng/g, gastric contents—606 ng/g. The study also presents findings from the parallel histopathological examination. Based on these findings, cardiac arrest secondary to intoxication with alpha‐PVP was determined as the direct cause of the patient's death.     

国外法医临床学发展史

法医临床学是法医学的重要分支学科,正处于蓬勃发展阶段。研究法医临床学的发展史,对明确其定义和实践范畴,维护司法公正,具有重要意义。本文将从“简介、历史溯源、18世纪之后的法医临床学发展、现代法医临床学、世界法医临床学司法实践现状和结语”六个部分介绍法医临床学在国外,尤其是英国的发展历史,促进我国法医临床学的学科建设和发展。     

Characterization of Printing Inks Using DART‐Q‐TOF‐MS and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) FTIR

The rise in improved and widely accessible printing technology has resulted in an interest to develop rapid and minimally destructive chemical analytical techniques that can characterize printing inks for forensic document analysis. Chemical characterization of printing inks allows for both discrimination of inks originating from different sources and the association of inks originating from the same source. Direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) were used in tandem to analyze four different classes of printing inks: inkjets, toners, offset, and intaglio. A total of 319 samples or ~ 80 samples from each class were analyzed directly on a paper substrate using the two methods. DART‐MS was found to characterize the semi‐volatile polymeric vehicle components, while ATR‐FTIR provided chemical information associated with the bulk components of these inks. Complimentary data results in improved discrimination when both techniques are used in succession resulting in >96% discrimination for all toners, 95% for all inkjets, >92% for all offset, and >54% for all intaglio inks.     

36例脑血管畸形猝死案例及法医病理学分析

目的探讨脑血管畸形猝死的法医病理学特点和检查方法。方法对1997年至2006年10月四川华西鉴定中心所做36例脑血管畸形猝死病例进行分析。结果脑血管畸形猝死以10~49岁男性为主,有25例(69.44%)。18例(50%)发病前有明显诱因。18例(50%)在发病后1h内迅速死亡。脑血管畸形猝死的病理类型以脑动静脉畸形最为常见,有33例(91.67%)。24例(66.67%)发生于脑底部、桥脑和小脑。破裂出血是脑血管畸形猝死的直接死因,出血类型以蛛网膜下腔出血最为常见,有22例(61.11%)。脑血管畸形部位和形态复杂多变,常规检查方法不能满足鉴定的需要。结论脑血管畸形猝死的鉴定百分之百准确比较困难,熟悉其法医病理学特点,掌握多种检查方法,才能做出客观、全面、准确的鉴定结论。     

测谎结论的证据问题研究

近年来,测谎被广泛应用于我国刑事司法领域,并在侦查破案和审判中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。由于测谎目前在理论和实践中均未统一,加之我国对于测谎结论的适用尚无明确的法律规定,已有的司法解释也没有解决实质问题,加深了人们对测谎结论的质疑,即测谎结论的证据资格问题。因此,明晰测谎结论的证据资格和应有的法律地位,是我国刑事诉讼法学理论亟需研究的一个问题。     

意外死亡尸检率下降原因分析

本文调查分析了公众对意外死亡是否同意进行尸检态度的影响因素。利用设计的“公众对意外死亡进行尸检认知情况调查问卷”对386名社会随机个体进行问卷调查。运用Logistic回归分析、最优尺度回归分析的统计学方法对回收的问卷进行分析。通过调查分析，发现公众对尸检相关知识了解程度的因素、对尸检结果的认可程度因素、文化程度因素、家庭经济状况因素，影响着公众对意外死亡后尸体解剖检验的态度。