简论言语识别在文检中的应用

近年来,文件检验技术有了很大的发展,把语言学作为刑事技术手段应用于侦查破案中,为文件检验开拓了新的领域。在办案实践中,充分注意作案人的言语特征,通过对作案人的言语识别,能够在一定程度上为侦查工作提供方向和范围,为认定作案人提供客观依据。本文试以运用语言学知识,然后结合本地区实际和所办的案件探讨了如何从作案者的年龄、职业、文化程度和性别和地域特征等方面,给作案人“画像”。     

论鉴定结论质证的路径依赖

鉴定结论是鉴定人利用自己的专门知识或经验对案件事实或其他证据的解读,在保证鉴定结论准确性的三条进路中,提升质证质量不失为较佳的路径依赖。对鉴定结论的质证应当在当事人以及诉讼代理人参加的诉讼环境中引入专家辅助人和专家陪审员的参与机制,通过形成专家陪审员、专家辅助人和鉴定人三维构造的庭审质证模式使鉴定结论质量得到提升,从而保证借助鉴定结论认定事实的准确性。     

公安行政复议制度的进程回顾、现状与前瞻——写在《行政复议法》颁布10周年之际

《行政复议法》颁布10周年以来，公安行政复议工作取得了可喜的成效，但也发生了一些问题。在肯定成绩的同时，更应总结经验、教训，并进行有针对的整改，以促进公安行政复议制度长期健康地开展。为此，一要总结10年来公安行政复议工作的基本情况，二要找出问题，三要探求改进措施，完善公安行政复议制度，以实现行政法治。     

泥土物证检验技术的现状及发展

本文综述了国内外泥土物证的检验方法。针对目前我国泥土物证多,但发现提取送检的少;泥土成分多,但被检验的成分少的特点,提出泥土物证检验应向小样品量、多参数综合检验方向发展的观点,以求引起更多同行的关注,充分发挥泥土物证在侦破案件、证实犯罪中的作用。     

Excel统计分析工具在痕迹检验中的应用

痕迹检验是用来揭露和证实犯罪，痕迹检验的结果为侦查、起诉审判提供着不可或缺的线索和证据。痕迹检验中会遇到大量的数据处理，数理统计学提供了有力的科学支持和有效地分析方法，而Excel则为此提供了方便快捷的统计分析工具，让我们在痕迹检验过程中，能都科学的、有效地、快捷的进行数据分析，为侦查破案提供依据。     

关于刑事科学技术综合模拟实训的研究

刑事科学技术专业的培养目标是应用型人才，强调动手能力的培养，同时主要专业课程之间关联性很强。如何在所有课程结束后进行综合模拟实训，是关系到学员毕业后能否尽快适应工作的主要条件之一。文章重点研究了综合模拟实训的方法、步骤以及考核形式。模拟过程中主要以真实案例的现场勘查为主线，结合所学专业课程的特点．强调学员对各类痕迹物证的勘验、分析和利用能力，最后以小组的形式完成一个完整的痕迹物证勘验和检验鉴定卷宗。     

完善军队专业技术干部考核评价机制的思考

加强军队专业技术干部考核评价机制建设,对于促进军队专业技术干部队伍科学发展和科技强军战略的贯彻落实具有十分重要的意义。     

关于新时期高考制度改革的思考

高考是一项庞大的国计民生工程。目前我国的高考正处于重要的历史变革和调整时期。高考主管部门需要积极地有所作为，在理性的、切合实际的基础上制定切合实际的高考改革方法和措施。高考改革的成败与否关系到未来高等教育的成功与否，是高等教育改革的前沿和关键。     

Visual attention and expertise for forensic signature analysis

Eye tracking was used to measure visual attention of nine forensic document examiners (FDEs) and 12 control subjects on a blind signature comparison trial. Subjects evaluated 32 questioned signatures (16 genuine, eight disguised, and eight forged) which were compared, on screen, with four known signatures of the specimen provider while their eye movements, response times, and opinions were recorded. FDEs' opinions were significantly more accurate than controls, providing further evidence of FDE expertise. Both control and FDE subjects looked at signature features in a very similar way and the difference in the accuracy of their opinions can be accounted for by different cognitive processing of the visual information that they extract from the images. In a separate experiment the FDEs re-examined a reordered set of the same 32 questioned signatures. In this phase each signature was presented for only 100 msec to test if eye movements are relevant in forming opinions; performance significantly dropped, but not to chance levels indicating that the examination process comprises a combination of both global and local feature extraction strategies.     

Ex-offender employment programs and recidivism: A meta-analysis

One consequence of the tremendous growth in the number of persons under supervision of the criminal justice system, whether incarcerated, on parole, or on probation, is the effect of this criminal history on finding and keeping a job. Ex-offenders, especially those recently released from prison, face substantial barriers to many types of legal employment; nonetheless, stable employment is one of the best predictors of post-release success. Thus, policy-makers concerned about high recidivism rates face an obvious need to improve the employment prospects of ex-offenders. Over the last 25 years, many programs that were designed to increase employment (and, by so doing, reduce recidivism) among ex-offenders have been implemented and evaluated. [Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A., Coggeshall, M. B. & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). Corrections Management Quarterly 3(4), 8–18; Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A. & MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37(4), 347–368] conducted a quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis of 33 evaluations of educational, vocational, and work programs for persons in correctional facilities. To date, however, the evaluation literature on employment programs for those with a criminal record who are not in custody has not been systematically reviewed. This paper presents the results of a quantitative meta-analysis of eight random assignment studies of such programs, using the Campbell Collaboration methodology. The results indicate that this group of community employment programs for ex-offenders did not reduce recidivism; however, the experimental design research on this question is small and does not include some of the promising community employment programs that have emerged in the last decade.