Dichroism measurements in forensic fibre examination: Part 3 — Dyed cotton and viscose fibres

A number of dyed cellulosic fibres were examined with plane polarized light on their dichroic behavior by microscopy and microspectrophotometry (MSP-PPL). Significant dichroic effects (mostly hypochromic effects and hypsochromic bands shifts) were reported. The effect is related to the chemical structure: some dye structures always possess dichroism (azo, stilbene, thiazole and oxazine), some dyes demonstrate sometimes dichroic effects (anthraquinoid, indigoid) while other structures never demonstrate dichroic effects (sulphur, diphenylmethanes, triarylmethanes, phthalocyanines). In some cases a different dichroic behavior was found for the same dyes applied on cotton and on viscose.     

公司经营者忠实和勤勉义务诉讼研究——以14省、直辖市的137件判决书为样本

对14个省、直辖市的基层、中级和高级法院的137件经营者忠实和勤勉义务纠纷案件判决的统计显示：当前绝大多数涉案公司是有限责任公司和各类外商投资企业;以忠实义务为焦点的案件占绝大多数;大量案件的争议事项超出了法律列举的董事、监事和高管的禁止行为,法院经常援用概括性条款作出判决。法院在审判中进行不同形式的法律解释：一方面,多数判决倾向于形式化审查和机械解释,法院尽量避免脱离法律、行政法规和公司章程的实体性和程序性规则作出判断;另一方面,少数判决对案件进行实质性审查,对法条进行创新解释。审判实践提出的核心问题是,如何解释和适用《公司法》第148条第一款中作为概括条款的忠实义务和勤勉义务。     

再谈陈云与延安时期干部审查制度

延安时期,陈云创立了干部审查制度,审干作为一项经常性工作,对于巩固、纯洁党组织和革命队伍发挥了重要作用。由于审干权与反奸权分立,两权相互配合和制约,一定程度避免了反奸工作中冤假错案的发生。整风运动后期,康生逐渐掌握了审干权与反奸权,破坏了干部审查制度,反奸成为审干的唯一目的,导致了延安审干运动和＂抢救运动＂中的反特扩大化错误。     

公安机关创新矛盾纠纷排查化解工作刍议——借鉴公共卫生三级预防理论

借鉴公共卫生领域的"三级预防理论",公安警务室在矛盾纠纷排查化解工作中可建立符合实际工作需要的"一级预防、二级化解、三级评估"模式,创新排查化解相关工作,对矛盾纠纷这一社会之"疾"从源头上进行有效防治,促进依法有序表达诉求、及时有效解决问题的社会环境。     

公务员结构化面试系统化培训模式的构建

创新公务员结构化面试培训模式是提升公务员考生竞争力的重要举措。公务员结构化面试系统化培训模式包括培训原则、培训内容、支撑体系、培训流程等。其中,循序渐进、因材施教、共性与个性培养相结合、心理调适、集体学习的原则是指针;思维方式训练和语言表达训练是主要内容;题库建设、培训团队建设是保障;入学测评、礼仪与服饰搭配、理论面授、分模块培训、面试前热身是具体实施,四者构成了系统化培训的完整体系。     

Dating of Seals Produced with Stamp‐Pad Ink Using Gas Chromatography Method

Seals are often placed on important documents, and determining the date when a seal was affixed can be important to assess the authenticity of a document. In this study, thirty‐seven different brands of stamp‐pad inks and three different types of paper were used to make diachronic samples of the seals. The volatile components of stamp‐pad ink were determined, and the stamp‐pad ink was classified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Calibration curves were created to show the relationship between the content of volatile stamp‐pad ink components and the age of stamp‐pad ink entries stored under natural aging, UV‐induced aging, and heating aging conditions. The experimental results showed that GC was useful in the analysis of stamp‐pad ink and applicable for determining the relative age of stamp‐pad ink entries in some cases where the seal was placed on the document within 3 months.     

显微镜在毛发物证检验中的应用

显微镜作为较普及的检验仪器,应用广泛。介绍了普通光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外显微镜、偏光显微镜、相差显微镜、暗视野显微镜在毛发物证结构或成分检验中的应用。     

胶印同版印刷品的检验与鉴别

印刷品同版鉴别作为印刷文件检验的技术手段,一直是文件检验鉴定领域的研究热点之一。由于胶印印刷方法的广泛应用,在各类案件中经常使用胶版印刷品的同版检验技术,本文首先介绍了平版胶印的基本原理,阐述了平版胶印文件的特征,从总观特征和细节特征两个方面论证了胶印同版检验鉴定问题,并结合案例重点讨论了同版印刷品的鉴别问题,最后说明了在进行胶印同版检验鉴定中,检验鉴定人员要有严谨细致的工作作风,只有充分发掘检材和样本上的细节特征后才可以科学、准确的给出鉴定结论。     

The role of cognition in fitness to stand trial: a systematic review

The aim of the current paper was to systematically review the quality and design of the literature examining cognition and fitness to stand trial (FST). Ten empirical studies published between 1970 and July 2013 met the inclusion criteria. All studies utilised cross-sectional designs and six were prospective. Study quality was appraised based on FST research guidelines. The study quality was highly variable. Intelligence was controlled statistically in only half of the included studies. Cognitive processes, specifically, processing speed, verbal memory and visuoperceptual skills differentiated fit and unfit groups. Aspects of executive functioning, including social knowledge and abstract thinking, influenced FST. Future studies should use prospective consecutive designs and multivariate statistical strategies that control for potential confounds. Comprehensive assessment across a number of cognitive domains is needed in order to validate research conducted to date and guide forensic assessment of FST.     

PDU结构分析在手机短信检验鉴定中的应用

PDU模式下的短信息编码方式,被GSM手机广泛运用。在实际检验鉴定工作中,涉案手机检验量大幅增加,并且手机检验分析系统无法解析镜像文件的情况时有发生,检验人员只有对PDU有足够的了解,才能对手机取证驾轻就熟。通过对PDU模式结构的实例分析,手工成功恢复出手机短信息,这种分析的方法和经验可以应用于所有GSM手机的短信息取证。