巧用Photoshop软件进行印文比对检验

鉴定印文真伪,主要采用特征标示比较、划线比较、测量比较、拼接比较和重叠比较等同一认定的方法。上述方法在Photoshop里面均可灵活运用。巧用Photoshop软件进行印文比对检验,不仅操作方便,而且效果直观,易于保全。     

Investigation Delayed Is Justice Denied: Proposals for Expediting Forensic Examinations of Digital Evidence*

Abstract: There is an urgent need to reduce the growing backlog of forensic examinations in Digital Forensics Laboratories (DFLs). Currently, DFLs routinely create forensic duplicates and perform in‐depth forensic examinations of all submitted media. This approach is rapidly becoming untenable as more cases involve increasing quantities of digital evidence. A more efficient and effective three‐tiered strategy for performing forensic examinations will enable DFLs to produce useful results in a timely manner at different phases of an investigation, and will reduce unnecessary expenditure of resources on less serious matters. The three levels of forensic examination are described along with practical examples and suitable tools. Realizing that this is not simply a technical problem, we address the need to update training and establish thresholds in DFLs. Threshold considerations include the likelihood of missing exculpatory evidence and seriousness of the offense. We conclude with the implications of scaling forensic examinations to the investigation.     

中国法学本科教育的矛盾性展开与破解

当前中国的法学本科教育面临着精英教育与大众教育、热门专业与就业困难、理论教学与实践需求、法学教育与司法考试及课程设置中通识化与专业化等诸多矛盾。破解这些矛盾,应确立法学教育本身的职业性特点,明确法学教育的定位,确立法学教育的精英化走向,同时提高理论教学水平,开辟理论教育和实践教育相互结合的新途径,改善法学本科教育课程设置,并借助司法考试,提高法学教育的实用性。     

Detection of Gunshot Primer Residue on Bone in an Experimental Setting—An Unexpected Finding*

Abstract: Pork ribs with intact muscle tissue were used in an experimental attempt to identify bullet wipe on bone at distances from 1 to 6 feet with 0.45 caliber, full metal jacket ammunition. This resulted in the unexpected finding of primer‐derived gunshot residue (GSR) deep within the wound tract. Of significance is the fact that the GSR was deposited on the bone, under the periosteum, after the bullet passed through a Ziploc^® bag and c. 1 inch of muscle tissue. It is also important to note that the GSR persisted on the bone after the periosteum was forcibly removed. The presence of primer‐derived GSR on bone provides the potential to differentiate gunshot trauma from blunt trauma when the bone presents an atypical gunshot wound. In this study, the presence of gunshot primer residue at a distance of 6 feet demonstrates the potential for establishing maximum gun‐to‐target distance for remote shootings.     

The Development and Evaluation of Radiological Decontamination Procedures for Documents,Document Inks,and Latent Fingermarks on Porous Surfaces*†

Abstract: Criminal acts such as an attack utilizing a radiological dispersal device (RDD or dirty bomb), the manufacture of such a device, or the illicit trafficking of radioactive materials would warrant a criminal investigation. This could involve the collection, transportation, and analysis of radiologically contaminated trace evidence. But are law enforcement agencies and forensic scientists capable of dealing with this? This research investigates the decontamination efficacy of two decontamination techniques (chemical and physical) designed for the removal of radiological material from documents of forensic importance. The impact that these procedures have on the development of latent fingermarks and the forensic analysis of the inks on these documents is also studied. It was found that slight changes in the color and chemical composition of a variety of document inks and a destruction of fingermark ridges occurred after chemical decontamination. Physical decontamination had no impact on these parameters.     

对我国行政审批程序进行改革的思考

＂先具备条件,后审批＂是我国各级政府现行的行政审批程序。这种程序导致公民、法人或者其他组织可以先＂从事特定活动＂,后要求行政机关审批。改革开放以来出现的无序建设、产能过剩、行政审批腐败等问题,都与政府采用这种行政审批程序有关。多年来,我国用结构调整、淘汰落后产能和事后监督的办法来解决无序建设、产能过剩和审批腐败问题,成效不是很理想。原因就在于现行的行政审批程序,对公民、法人或者其他组织＂从事特定活动＂没有事先控制权,国家一边调控,一边新的过剩产能和不合理结构继续产生。如果改变现行的行政审批程序,按照审批事项建设的三个阶段（＂确定建设意向＂、＂设计和制定建设计划＂、＂完成设计和建设计划＂）,分别设立审批环节,申请人三次申请,行政机关三次审批,就可以避免上述种种弊端。     

非领导职务公务员考核量化管理模型构建及实现路径

目前,非领导职务公务员考核存在定性多、定量少,主观因素多、客观标准少等突出问题,缺乏一套科学、完整、民主参与、可操作性强的考核管理体系。因此,要解决考核的合理性与可行性之间的矛盾,就应当在科学理论指导下,运用先进的绩效考核方法,构建非领导职务公务员考核量化管理模型,积极探索切实可行的实现路径。     

进一步改革税务行政审批制度,防范税务执法风险

行政审批是我国税务机关实施税收管理的主要方式之一,也是产生税务执法风险的源头之一。作为行政审批制度的重要组成部分,税务行政审批制度的改革一直是摆在各级税务机关面前的一项重大而紧迫的课题。本文对税务行政审批制度中存在的问题进行了分析,并对进一步改革税务行政审批制度,防范税务执法风险提出了相关建议。     

腐败血液中乙醇的顶空气相色谱分析

目的分析血液腐败后产生的乙醇及其他物质并探讨腐败血液中乙醇的检测及计算方法。方法以正常人空白血液制作腐败血样,采用1,4-二氧六环为内标物,通过顶空气相色谱进行定性及定量分析。结果血中乙醇在0.0625～1mg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r^2=0.9996）,各质量浓度组的变异系数（CV%）〈2%,血中乙醇的最低检出限为1μg/mL（S/N≥3）。腐败血样所产生乙醇与正丙醇的比例大致为25：1。结论检验方法简便、准确。为法医毒化检验相关工作提供了依据。     

论担保物权独立性与物权行为无因性的关系

大陆法系各主要国家不同的立法说明了担保物权独立性与物权行为无因性并不存在必然的关联,并且两者各自所抽象的原因不同。在形式审查主义下,物权行为无因性为物权登记公信力提供了支撑,并与担保物权独立性协力为担保物权登记公信力提供了制度上的支持。