判断溺水豚鼠在水中死亡时间的研究

乙醇和正丁醇大量存在于溺水尸体中。其浓度与尸体在水中的浸泡时间有一定的相关关系。温度能影响上述的相关关系。在自然平均温度１５—１８℃的条件下，运用气相色谱法测定其溺死后不同浸泡时间在血、肺、肝中存在的乙醇和正丁醇含量。其合并后回归方程式依次为ｙ１＝１１５．７２＋１８．２４ｘ；ｙ２＝－４１９．７１＋６４．７０ｘ；Ｙ３＝－３０３．０７＋５４．８７ｘ。研究中发现，溺死后７—１３天内，运用本方法来判断溺死时间的准确性较好。     

口供补强证据规则基本问题初探

在我国刑事诉讼中,犯罪嫌疑人的供述发挥着直接证据的诉讼功能。建立口供补强证据规则非常必要和迫切。《刑事诉讼法》第46条的规定充其量只是具有证据补强意义的制度设计,而不是补强证据规则本身。我国应加强对口供补强证据规则基本问题的研究,同时借鉴美日等国有关补强证据规定,建立和完善我国的口供补强证据规则。     

论犯罪心理生理检测结论

犯罪心理生理检测的主题测试结论是通过比较分析相关反应、参照反应、基础反应的相对强度形成的,不受被测人员心理素质影响;系统测试结论是综合至少5个独立且互补的主题测试结论形成的,基本排除了随机性因素的影响,至少具备95％以上的准确性。犯罪心理生理检测结论至多理解成被测人员是否了解案情,可以做间接证据使用,不能理解成被测人员是否实施了犯罪,不可以作为直接证据使用。     

劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定研究

目的探讨劳动争议案件的司法精神病鉴定的现状及发展趋势。方法回顾性分析1990～2001年156例劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定中的被鉴定人一般资料、案由、委托方、鉴定时机、病史、鉴定结论等情况。结果44.2%的被鉴定人处于30～39岁,委托方多为法院(68.6%),大多数案件由家属和法院申请鉴定;终(中)止合同的案件占75.7%,劳动报酬的案件大幅度上升;争议起始至申请鉴定平均相距21.9个月,12个月以内的占69.2%;鉴定诊断精神分裂症82例(51.3%),无精神病16例(10.2%),结论与既往临床诊断一致的占91.2%;评定为有、限制、无行为能力的比例分别为23.7、23.1和52.6%。结论近年来劳动争议案件在数量、案由、鉴定时机等方面发生较大变化,有关民事行为能力的评定应引起司法精神病学界关注。     

略论警察职能由管理型向服务型转变的制度保障

警察职能由管理型向服务型的转变已成现实,如何构建相应的制度以保障警察服务职能的发挥已成为当前亟待解决的课题。本文从学习、决策、法律审查、警力下沉、权力制约、警务公开、接访、绩效考评和警察公关等九个方面提出了相应的制度构建方案。     

解决"三农"问题与深化体制改革

"三农"问题说到底是农民收入问题.农民收入增加难,源于体制性障碍.为了实现农民增收减负的目标,必须深化体制改革,包括城乡二元制度改革、农村税制改革、财政投资体制改革、粮食流通体制改革、土地征用制度改革.     

Interventions with women offenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health gain

Currently, a conjunction of policy, legislative change in health and social care and the criminal justice system, combined with funding for innovative services make it opportune to assess the evidence base for interventions with women offenders. Women offenders have a distinctive criminological, health and social profile and a gender specific approach to their difficulties is advocated. This systematic review and meta-analysis focus on mental health gain in adult women offenders in forensic health settings, criminal justice institutions and in the community, following therapeutic interventions. Interventions were assessed in terms of specific outcome measures of depression, trauma symptomatology and global mental health status. Comprehensive search strategies yielded 3018 articles, from which we obtained 199 full text articles. Seventeen articles were included in the final review, of which six were excluded from the meta-analysis as there was no comparator group. There is a modest, but increasing, body of evidence for the utility of some interventions, notably those addressing the consequences of earlier trauma, including interventions which also address comorbid substance misuse. This does not amount, to date, to a robust evidence base. Limitations of these studies are discussed and include small sample sizes, their restriction mainly to prison populations and that they were substantially undertaken in the US. Variations in outcome measures follow-up and the difficulties inherent in measuring change in this complex population are also detailed. However, the review delineates definite avenues for further work. To achieve this, those responsible for policy, practice and purchase of services should both be mindful of existing evidence and promote additional, high quality research into interventions which are designed around a coherent, theoretical approach.     

The Effect of pH on Electrolyte Detection of Fingermarks on Cartridge Cases and Subsequent Microscopic Examination

Cartridge cases may contain deposited fingermarks when the firearm was loaded ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm , J Forensic Sci, 53 , 2008 and 812). Cartridge cases can be individualized with microscopic examination. However, heat and friction degrades the deposited fingermark on the fired cartridge cases, if any on the surface. Also, unfired and fired cartridge cases are made of metal, which is a nonporous surface that does not retain fingermarks well ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm ). This study tests the effects of pH level on fingermark clarity on brass fired and unfired cartridge cases and microscopic striation examination (MSE). Two trials were performed to determine the optimal pH in fingermark clarity for both types of cartridges. This was performed through immersion in six pH range solutions from dilutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide for 24 h for the purpose of enhancing the fingermarks on the metal. The use of the optimal neutral pH level is suggested because immersion of the cartridge cases in pH 1–3 and 3–5 affects MSE.     

Identification of document paper using hybrid feature extraction

Document forgery is a significant issue in Korea, with around ten thousand cases reported every year. Analyzing paper plays a crucial role in examining questionable documents such as marketable securities and contracts, which can aid in solving criminal cases of document forgery. Paper analysis can also provide essential insights in other types of criminal cases, serving as an important clue for solving cases such as the source of a blackmail letter. The papermaking process generates distinct forming fabric marks and formations, which are critical features for paper classification. These characteristics are observable under transmitted light and are created by the forming fabric pattern and the distribution of pulp fibers, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel approach for paper identification based on hybrid features. This method combines texture features extracted from images converted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) approach and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with another set of features extracted by the CNN using the same images as input. We applied the proposed method to classification tasks for seven major paper brands available in the Korean market, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. The results confirm the applicability of this method for visually inspecting paper products and demonstrate its potential for assisting in solving criminal cases involving document forgery.     

对笔迹检验中的心理分析

语言的重要属性之一就是它的“心理性”。语言心理性的一个重要特征就是心理因素对语言的制约。文章通过对一份遗书检验过程中出现的差异点,运用心理分析的方法科学、合理解释的过程,揭示出人的言语与心理活动之间必然的内在联系,也为笔迹鉴定认定书写人提供了辅助依据。