论水权的概念和体系

给水权一个比较明确的界定是当前法学理论界关注的热点。本文在全面分析各个学派观点的基础上进行了水权概念及体系的重构,认为水权作为在开发、利用水过程中产生的对水的权利,包括水物权和取水权两部分。水物权是物权性质的权利,包括资源水权和产品水权两类;取水权作为债权性质的权利,是资源水转化为产品水的前提。从而将水权界定为以水物权和取水权为基础的一系列与水有关的权利的总括,对我国水权法律制度的建立和完善有一定的借鉴意义。     

Assessing the regulatory model for water supply in Jakarta

This article assesses the regulatory model for urban water supply services in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Water supply services have been privately operated there since February 1998 after two companies—Thames PAM Jaya (TPJ), operating in Eastern Jakarta, and PAM Lyonnaise Jaya (PALYJA), operating in Western Jakarta—signed 25‐years concession contracts with the state‐owned Jakarta City Water Company (PAM Jaya). An independent regulatory body, the Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body (JWSRB) was established in 2001. The article compares the regulatory system in Jakarta with the French and English approaches to water regulation. It then assesses this regulatory system from the perspective of customers in order to assess how well customer protection, a central purpose of regulation, is being performed. The article concludes that although the essential regulatory mechanisms and activities are operating in Jakarta, the key regulatory role of customer protection is not being performed because customers do not perceive that they receive an acceptable level of water supply services. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国周边水资源安全关系之分析

水资源安全关系已经是中国对外关系,特别是周边关系构建的重要内容。中国周边水资源安全关系主要受水资源相对短缺与对跨国界水资源的依赖程度、国际流域中国家间的整体关系、地区环境与水资源开发利用重点以及中国国内跨国界水资源安全战略与管理等因素的影响。中国与周边国家水资源安全关系的构建与复杂的地缘政治密切相关,其内容涉及水质保护、水资源分配、水资源开发、水域环境保护、水资源管理和区域发展等方面。中国与十个周边国家尚未出现明显的水资源安全问题,但与七个周边国家存在语言性冲突,同时也存在水资源合作关系。目前,中国和周边国家在水资源安全关系上是一种非对称性的相互依赖关系,呈现出"低冲突-低合作"的结构状态。周边国家为改变这种结构状态下的水资源利用的"不安全感",正在联合某些域外国家在水资源领域形成一种制约中国的潜在联盟,由此对中国的周边关系和安全环境形成负面影响。未来中国应充分发挥水资源的战略"抓手"作用,构建服务于国家整体战略需要的水资源安全关系,利用好"亚洲水塔"的战略地位,把握水规则制定主动权和制高点,制定水资源安全战略,建立科学的利益分享与补偿机制,开辟周边外交新领域。     

Water crises: political construction or physical reality?

Various definitions of water crises emerge from epistemic communities deploying a great disparity of methodologies and fundamental hypotheses. Scientists' perceptions of which power structures legitimately carry out water management affect their definition of a crisis, their capacity to ask questions and the manner they formulate them. This determines the stakes and the actors they can observe or the scale of analysis they find relevant. This leads some to recommend a ‘solution’ that appears to be a disaster to others. This article examines how three epistemic communities have each built their science by promoting very specific understandings of what is a water crisis. Proponents of the ‘global water crisis’ spawned Integrated Water Resources Management while proponents of the ‘municipal water crisis’ locked the perception of water equity within the Millennium Development Goals. Researchers on small-scale irrigation and property regimes have often disagreed with such recommendations, often presented as inevitable.     

水上治安管理适用法律：问题、困惑与对策

水上治安管理不同于陆上治安管理。由于水域具有开放性的特点，水上治安管理主要存在非法拦截、非法扣船、非法采砂、强迫交易、霸河霸港、聚众堵塞航道等问题。面对这些问题，水上公安机关在对其进行处理时普遍感到法律依据不足．难以依法处理。为有效打击水上违法犯罪行为，应修改《江西省水上治安管理条例》中相关的规定，同时在《治安管理处罚法》的基础上，对执法方式和执法程序作相应的调整。     

经济欠发达地区人才资源开发的途径探讨

经济欠发达地区人才资源开发是对人才工作机制的改革与创新。面对人才培养与使用脱节、不足与浪费并存的畸形状态，在人才资源的开发上，应立足本地，合理使用现有人才，搞好人才资源的预测和规划；内引外联，开展人才交流，实现人才资源的市场配置；促进发展，不断强化人才资源的教育培训；协调一致，营造有利于人才聚集、成长的社会环境。     

Equity and Social Justice in Water Doctrines

The role of institutions in the management of natural resources, such as surface water, have long been seen as promoting an efficient and socially just distribution of the available resource. Perceptions of basic liberties and procedural and distributive justice are often at the core of many water disputes throughout the world. During the past 15 years there has been a number of extensive studies exploring community perceptions of fairness and justice in water management and the development of fairness principles (see e.g., Nancarrow, B. E., and Syme, G. J. (2001). Soc. Justice Res. 14(4): 441–452; Syme, G. J., and Nancarrow, B. E. (1992). Perceptions of Fairness and Social Justice in the Allocation of Water Resources in Australia. CSIRO, Division of Water Resources, Perth, Australia (Consultancy Report No. 92/38); Syme, G. J., and Nancarrow, B. E. (1997). Water Resour. Res. 32: 1843–1850; Syme, G. J., Nancarrow, B. E., and McCreddin, J. A. (1999). J. Environ. Manage. 57: 51–70; Syme, G. J., Nancarrow, B. E., and McCreddin, J. A. (2000). Risk Anal. 20(6): 905–916). This paper contributes to that body of knowledge by evaluating three water doctrines underpinning water management using a variety of social justice criteria, drawing examples from the United States and Australia as appropriate. The notion is that if the water doctrine of a state or country conforms to a set of social justice principles then the water policies derived from it should produce just outcomes.     

南亚水环境治理困局及其化解

近年来,南亚国家围绕水环境治理取得了一系列进展,不仅加大了双边合作力度,而且为南亚地区进一步合作开发水资源夯实了基础。但由于各国发展阶段与经济实力差异等原因,在水环境治理方面面临短期方向不明、动力不足等难题。此外,南亚地区的水资源争夺严重伤害了国与国之间的感情,成为当前南亚地区关系紧张的催化剂,而国际社会参与南亚水环境治理开发,大国博弈又加剧了地区矛盾。当前,南亚国家在水环境治理合作的道路上可谓一波三折。南亚地区特殊的"历史记忆"导致彼此间命运共生理念认同难度大,"战略互信"的缺失又制约着国家层面友好关系的拓展。以"命运共同体"理念为指导,进而通过"共情"行动来积极推进南亚水环境治理合作,不仅有助于培育国家间感情,也有助于推进水环境治理综合机制建设乃至实现地区整合发展。同时,亚洲有关各方也应该抓住南亚社会经济整合转型的机遇,以参与水环境治理为契机,进一步通过"共情"实践推动南亚经济治理向着更加合理的多边合作态势发展,形成彼此间新形势下的相互依存关系,最终促进南亚地区的整合发展与地区繁荣。     

最新缴获物质“神仙水”案件检验与讨论

目的研究新型缴获物质＂神仙水＂外观、成分及毒品含量。方法对12起案件中的85个＂神仙水＂毒品样品检验结果进行归纳总结。结果样品为淡黄色浑浊液的占94.1%;甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、氯胺酮的检出率分别为90.6%、37.6%、84.7%,毒品成分为两种以上的占96.5%;定量检验结果：甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、氯胺酮的含量分别为0.004%~1.2%,0.004%~2.9%,0.01%~3.4%。结论不同宗案件的＂神仙水＂样品外观、成分及毒品含量不同;同一宗案件的不同＂神仙水＂样品外观、成分及毒品含量也有可能不同。     

建立贵州水资源生态补偿机制的问题与对策

贵州省各族人民为保护长江上游和珠江上游的生态环境和水源质量做出了重大贡献。水源保护区的群众相当一部分成为生态贫民。文章针对既要保护水源环境,又要促使水源保护区经济发展和生态贫民致富的难题,探讨和提出建立贵州水资源生态效益补偿机制的对策。