水权利体系构建

水权制度建设的基础是构建完整与科学的水权利体系。水权利是一组涉水权利,由水资源所有权、水权和其他水权利构成。水权制度建设的目的在于水资源的可持续利用。重点在于建设水权。明晰水权,必须明晰各种水权利的含义与内容。水权是指水资源使用权,包括取水权与用益水权。     

Policy Punctuations in Colorado Water Law: The Breakdown of a Monopoly

The actors, influences, and processes that combine forces to change policy subsystems are modeled in punctuated equilibrium theory wherein monopolistic policy subsystems are broken down through changes in policy images and venue shopping spurred by a critical mobilization of actors. Studying a case of policy change in Colorado water rights, this research examines multiple levels of policy change—local, state, and cross‐case. This research finds that at the state level, punctuated equilibrium theory accurately explains the process by which policies changed to allow for recreational in‐channel uses of water. At the local level, however, these processes are not clearly evident. Using media coverage as a proxy measure for agenda status also shows that policy image change and high public agenda status did not lead to these policy changes within Colorado communities. This article discusses whether we should therefore discount punctuated equilibrium as a model of policy change in this case.     

县级城镇水利工程发展前景和必要性浅谈

随着全球气候变暖,能源紧缺,冰川融化带来的海平面上升,以及相关水源问题涉及的防旱、防潮、防洪、南水北调、水力发电、水利灌溉等,人类生产、生活和社会经济发展都受到了前所未有的严峻考验,水利工程也根据时代和国情的要求提上了重要日程。从原有的主干海域和河流建设,外延到地方区域河流建设上来。由此,县级等中小城市的水利工程在抵御自然灾害和农业发展上越来越起到决定性的作用,是保障大中城市人民生命和财产安全的铁墙,是保障社会和谐稳定的桥梁。主要对县级水利工程的重要性、水利工程带动地方经济发展情况、水利工程本身特点和发展前景进行阐述,着重指出县级水利工程在全国水利建设方面占着承上启下的重要位置。     

给付拒绝纳入我国行政强制执行方式的理论探讨——以《行政强制法》草案规定的改变为视角

《行政强制法》草案第三次审议稿的改变表明了给付拒绝有被立法者采纳为我国行政强制执行方式的可能性。本文以此为视角,基于比较法的考察及我国行政强制执行模式在现实中出现的弊端,论述了其合理之处。并提出了将给付拒绝纳入行政强制执行方式的立法建议：在法律中明确规定给付拒绝的具体内容,采用＂人民法院审查＋行政机关执行＂的模式,严格限制给付拒绝的适用条件并细化程序。     

协同消毒在饮用水消毒中的应用

分析已有单一消毒方法的不足 ,介绍协同消毒的概念及方法     

委托—代理与农村供水系统制度创新——以山东省临朐县农村供水协会为例

我国偏远山区的农村供水只能作为一种公共产品由政府来提供.本文以委托-代理理论为工具,结合实例,分析了农村水利工程经营权的代理人的选择问题.本文的结论是由于能够明晰产权、弱化信息不对称问题、减少委托-代理层次,选择县农村供水协会作为集体产权的最终代理人是有效率的产权安排形式.本文的结论可以推广到涉及公共品的其他领域.     

Contract farming and the reorganisation of agricultural production within the Chókwè Irrigation System,Mozambique

This paper contributes to the discussion about ‘inclusive business models’ as alternatives to large-scale land acquisitions by analysing a case in which a foreign agribusiness investor, within an impact investment paradigm, acquired and rehabilitated a rice processing plant in Chókwè, Mozambique. A contract farming programme drawn up to source raw produce for the factory led to radical shifts in control over land and water resources. The case is set against the background of a large-scale irrigation system that has played an important role in national agricultural policies since colonial times. The private sector-led development approach is strongly supported by the state which portrays it as an opportunity to reduce its dependency on rice imports. The investor redirected the benefits of land and water use through taking a role of coordination and control within the irrigated production system.

The ensuing rural transformation reminds one of earlier periods in the development of the irrigation system: the central control over production, and the very high level of agricultural inputs and mechanisation, remind one of the state socialist period, while the removal of smallholders from their land and its concentration in the hands of a few bears a strong resemblance to the scheme's establishment under colonial rule.     

Financial and Political Factors Motivating the Privatisation of Municipal Water Services

Financial and political factors are widely considered to be an explanatory factor of the privatisation of public services. However, the empirical evidence in this respect is not convincing. This paper considers elements of long-term financial condition and ideological and political strength, together with other socio-economic factors and the effects of the current global financial crisis, to address the financial stress–privatisation relationship, with respect to urban water services, observed during the period 2002–2012 in Spanish municipalities. A discrete time survival model is applied, and the results obtained show that certain elements of financial condition, together with political and ideological factors, are decisive influences in decisions to privatise urban water services. We also highlight the major impact of the Great Recession and its effect on the financial stress–privatisation relationship.     

Implementing the human right to water and sanitation: a study of global and local discourses

This article explores global and local discourses on how to implement the newly recognised human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS). We analyse the potential limitations of the human rights frame in the context of critiques that human rights are a liberal, Western discourse that does not reflect the lived experiences of non-Western countries. Through two case studies we find that there are two discourses emerging on how to implement the HRtWS. At the global level, as seen in the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the HRtWS, we find a hegemonic discourse that is state-centric and market-friendly. In Bolivia, a country currently implementing a human rights-based approach to water services, we find a counter-hegemonic discourse on implementation. We argue that the hegemonic discourse is incomplete and does not fully address barriers to fulfilment of the right, such as state corruption and the needs of peri-urban residents.     

天津市滨海新区海水淡化产业发展前景浅析

随着天津市滨海新区纳人国家发展战略,滨海新区将迎来快速发展的新阶段,对水资源的需求也将继续增大。该文指出,天津市是中国水资源重度缺乏地区,大力发展海水淡化产业,不仅可有效地缓解滨海新区淡水资源的不足,还可以按照发展循环经济的要求拓展海水淡化利用产业链,形成新的经济增长点。但同时滨海新区大规模发展海水淡化利用产业仍面临若干限制条件,海水淡化所带来的一系列问题亦不容忽视。