浅议云南省农村饮水安全问题

近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展,加快了解决农村饮水安全问题的步伐。但是,要根本解决问题,改善农村饮水状况,仍需扎实推进农村饮水工作。结合云南省实际,分析影响农村饮水安全的问题,提出了解决的对策和建议,以期对全省解决农村饮水安全问题提供借鉴。     

中国文化中水意象与女性审美关系之探微

水生神话折射出女性与水即生命之源的思想,阴阳五行学说奠定了女性与水主阴的共性。在中华民族的审美意识中,水之千姿百媚与柔情婉约往往与女性的阴柔之美相提并论,反映出中华民族共同的审美理想和趣味,女人如水,以水喻女成为中华民族审美观念的一个显著特色。     

Managerial autonomy: does it matter for the performance of water utilities?

The public administration literature asserts that autonomy is central to performance. In this article we develop a managerial autonomy index, which we apply to 22 water utilities in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The 16 items that underlie our composite autonomy index display a high degree of internal consistency. This speaks for the validity of the autonomy concept. We find that the autonomy scores of the 22 utilities vary widely. We also find strong and positive associations between autonomy scores and six out of eight key performance indicators. Our results support the idea that autonomy is central to the performance of water service providers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西方国家水务民营化差异探究

西方国家水务民营化方式主要有全面民营化、公私伙伴关系和法律禁止民营化三种。西方国家水务民营化差异成因可能有文化或社会上的解释、经济学和理性选择的解释和制度上的解释。这些解释可以通过引入变量进行模型分析,然后得出初步结论,即水务民营化与水务物质技术特征有关,与社会利益表达机制有关。     

西部区域生态移民的科学性和运作模式——对甘肃省民勤县以水定人的调查和分析

本文以对甘肃省民勤县的深入调查为基础,按照以水定人的思路,在认真分析目前该县的水生态环境对人口发展、经济增长和社会进步的严重影响的基础上,提出了具体的生态移民的规划思路、移民设计和运作模式等。     

水工程与水权

水工程涉及多种民事权利类型 ,水权只是其中一类。水工程的所有权或者用益权自身不包含、不产生水权 ,水工程用益权与水权各为独立的权利 ,所谓水利工程供水水权概念易生误会 ,应弃之不用。水工程所有权原则上归投资者享有 ,于是有必要承认地方所有权、部门所有权、法人所有权。南水北调涉及水资源所有权、水权、水工程所有权、水工程用益权 ,不可一律归结为水权。     

试论水利改革与WTO－－兼论引黄工程提前“入世”

我国加入WTO给水利行业带来良好的发展机遇 ,同时它也要求水利改革必须融入市场经济。山西引黄工程提前“入世”的实践 ,更进一步论证了入世对我国水利改革发展的促进作用。     

The New Water Legislation of Zimbabwe and South Africa – Comparison of Legal and Institutional Reform

Recently, several new pieces of water legislation have been promulgated in both Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. The new acts are an attempt to correct injustices of a colonial past and to trigger development towards effective, equitable and efficient integrated water resources management influenced by the policy decisions in Agenda 21 and the need to respect economic and social human rights. This article aims at identifying and describing factors of prime importance in the process of legal and institutional reform. Major factors are earmarked and derived from the proceedings in Zimbabwe and are compared with the situation in South Africa. Thorough analysis by the author of proceedings, preambles, memoranda, legislation and addenda has induced roughly 5 major reform issues: The call for equitable water distribution based on a widely consented water resources management strategy; The need for effective and efficient integrated water resources management conducive to stakeholder participation through decentralisation processes; The redressing of legal shortcomings in former water legislation with the emphasis on the introduction of integrated approaches; The introduction of instruments of cost recovery for water resources management; The need to develop human resources capacity and institutional strength within the implementing agencies.For both Southern African states, these issues appear to be of comparable importance as major triggers for legal and institutional reform, although not always in the same sense.The resulting most important legal and institutional changes are presented, discussed and compared. Finally, prospects for and constraints on implementation of the new water legislation in these countries are compared.     

Decentralisation and corruption: evidence from drinking water sector

This article presents empirical findings regarding the relationship between decentralisation of provision of water supply and corruption in provision of services. The current policy advice from the international agencies of aiming for decentralisation as an end in itself is questioned. The conventional wisdom that decentralisation brings management closer to the service recipients and is therefore likely to reduce corruption is also disputed. Drawing on a large database from two large Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, the interaction between various actors is analysed. We find that the level of corruption in water supply agencies run by local governments is higher than that in the agencies run by the regional government. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市供水安全分析及对策研究

城市供水是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,供水安全直接关系到城市的发展水平。随着我国城市化战略的加快实施,在水资源紧缺、水质污染加剧、突发水污染日益频繁的形势下,城市供水安全问题已不容忽视。本文分析了我国城市供水存在的主要问题,并以开源节流加强保护为原则提出了安全保障对策。