论作为财产权的水权

将水权客体——水资源的功能概括为生活功能、资源功能和环境功能,认为水权的财产权性质在水资源的不同功能区间中得到体现,其中水资源的生活功能对应的是作为宪法财产权的水权,水资源的资源功能对应的是作为民法财产权的水权,水资源的环境功能对应的是作为宪法财产权或共用财产权的水权。在此基础上,提出作为财产权的水权的实现机制及对我国水资源保护和利用的启示。     

我国水权制度完善的法律思考——以美、澳立法为鉴

水权是权利人对水资源所享有的使用权的总称,包括占有、使用、收益、处分的权能,具有特别物权的性质,因而,水权就应当具有可转让性。这一理论观点已经成为美国、澳大利亚等国水权制度的基本内容。我国水权制度的健全也应借鉴外国的成功立法经验,从而实现我国经济、社会的可持续发展。     

流域生态补偿机制相关法律问题探讨——以珠江流域为例

生态补偿机制的设立是未来治理流域生态环境的方向。以珠江流域为例,通过剖析我国流域生态机制存在的主要问题,借鉴相关国家和地区、部分省市生态补偿机制的经验和做法,提出完善珠江流域生态补偿机制,应确定生态补偿机制遵循的基本原则,明确生态补偿的依据和标准,完善成熟的环境资源市场,建立协调、配套的环境法律体系和监督管理体系,开展区域和国际间的合作。     

水污染治理的环境法律观念更新与机制创新——从滇池污染治理个案出发

近年来我国频繁发生水污染事故,已经引起国人充分关注。国家和社会非常重视水污染的法律治理,但收效甚微。在数十年中已经出台了数个法律文件治理滇池流域水污染,修改后的《滇池保护条例》也在很多方面有了进步,但治理效果仍不明显。我们不能仅仅关注具体法律制度上的改进,还要进一步反思自然环境自身的许多特性,在此基础上进行环境法律观念的更新与法律机制的创新。环境法律要回归法律血统,建立全面的流域管理机制,还要整合部门权力,重视发挥公众参与在水污染治理中的特殊作用。     

储藏中药材粉螨孳生情况的研究

分离中药材样品８９种，８９０份，采用清水漂浮法和塔氏电热集螨器分离法，从中分离出粉螨３１种，隶属７科２５属。结论：中药材的偻螨污染很严重应加强对中药材螨类的防治，以保护中药材及预防人体螨病．     

Social,environmental and economic sustainability of Kazakhstan: a long-term perspective

This paper explores the evolution of Kazakhstan's development through an analysis of population trends, infant mortality, air emissions, water management, oil production, income, cost of living and average salary. The longitudinal data analysis demonstrates that the development of Kazakhstan during the Soviet period was far from sustainable in terms of uncontrolled environmental pollution. Time-series analysis illustrates that the 1990s transition to the market economy temporarily eased environmental degradation but also brought about initial socio-economic disarray and decline in living standards. Further support for rural areas and economic diversification is needed to move away from Kazakhstan's heavy reliance on mineral resource extraction to a more sustainable path of development.     

Policy Decentralization and the Endogenous Effects of State Traditions: Devolution of Water Management in Ghana and Senegal

Abstract

The widely held belief that decentralization of public services would reduce the fiscal burden of deeply indebted states led a large number of developing countries throughout the 1980s and 1990s to embark on devolution and public sector reform. Among the responsibilities that have generally been devolved are the provision and support of drinking water facilities. There is, however, a substantial cross-national difference in implementation records of public service devolution. This paper argues that state-building legacies, which shaped the capacity of local governments and the opportunity structure of local governments to cooperate with indigenous communities, explain this variation. This argument is analyzed in the context of devolution of water supply in Ghana and Senegal. The analysis shows that the weak capacity of local governments is compensated in Ghana, but not in Senegal, through co-optation of historically strong traditional authorities into local governance structures.     

Focusing Events and Changes in Ecologies of Policy Games: Evidence from the Paraná River Delta

Solving environmental problems on a regional scale demands joint efforts by multiple stakeholders, but coordinating such efforts can be difficult in complex governance systems. In this article, we combine the literature in Adaptive Governance with the Ecology of Policy Games (EPGs) framework to enhance our understanding of how complex governance systems react to environmental focusing events. We study the EPGs in the Paraná River delta in Argentina following widespread fires caused by slash‐and‐burn practices in 2008, and analyze how new forums created to address the consequences of this event differ from the forums created prior to the event in terms of their capacity to attract stakeholders and to provide higher interconnectivity to the whole governance system. Furthermore, we offer an initial evaluation of the Comprehensive Strategic Plan for the Conservation and Sustainability of the Paraná River delta, the main forum in the EPGs created to address the negative consequences of the focusing event. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the study of complex governance systems where stakeholders are able to address the management of natural resources at a regional scale.     

王蓬长篇小说中的陕南乡土人情

陕西籍作家王蓬的长篇小说《山祭》《水葬》以陕南山乡生活为背景,描写了两段关于在历史变迁下山里百姓的生活境遇和故事。在叙述故事、塑造人物形象的同时,作者给我们展现了陕南奇丽的山水风貌,别具一格的民风民俗,还有独具风情的陕南人民,向读者传达出了极具地域特色的文化风俗和乡土人情,表现了陕南山乡地区独有的秀美以及作者对这片土地的热爱之情。     

Persistently Biased: The Devil Shift in Water Privatization in Jakarta

This article operationalizes an underinvestigated element of the Advocacy Coalition Framework—the “devil shift”—on the controversial issue of water privatization. In doing so, it offers a methodological premise for investigating intractable opposition to policies that are politically salient and high in technical content. It uses the Q methodology on the case of Jakarta, Indonesia to uncover seven discourse coalitions within the anti‐privatization groups. They confirm two key hypotheses within the devil shift, namely the underestimation of a coalition's resources compared with their opponents and the exaggeration of opponents’ unreasonableness. Intriguingly, it finds that the “devil” is constructed in three different ways by this coalition—the profiteer, the Goliath, and the ineffectual governor. The narrative strength of the combination of these beliefs answers an apparent paradox in the devil shift viz that of rational actors persisting in unreasonable beliefs concerning their opponents. It also offers some specific solutions on how to deal with public hostility in water privatization in Jakarta.