季节性冻融土壤水分运动规律

从定性和定量两个层面分析了潜水浅埋深条件下季节性冻融土壤水分运动的一般规律,结果表明：1）冻结期内土壤水分向上运动,潜水补给土壤水;消融期则以20～40cm深度为界,土壤水分向上下两端运动,土壤水补给潜水,整个过程导致潜水位先降后升,但一部分损失于潜水蒸发.2）在冻融过程中各个阶段,20～40cm以上土层和以下土层水分运动规律有显著差异,而且其上下土层水分相互交换较少.3）冻融过程中土壤含水率变幅随深度的增加而减小,但下层土壤具有更大的水分通量.4）冻结期内潜水埋深过大会导致潜水对土壤水的补给显著偏小,致使冻融层储水量降低,而消融期则没有显著的规律.     

“Conservation” as a Catalyst for Conflict: Considering Stakeholder Understanding in Policy Making

Stakeholder negotiation processes are increasingly used in environmental management, but are often difficult due to values differences among stakeholders. These values can be reflected in the language used by stakeholders, which may lead to conflict in negotiation processes. This study investigated whether there are widespread differences among Colorado water stakeholders in how they define the term “conservation,” a key value and policy term, and whether this leads to conflict in negotiations. Using multiple methods in a cross‐sectional case study, use of the term and possible policy implications were analyzed. Stakeholder respondents in this study who had experienced difficulty in water negotiations also perceived a higher degree of miscommunication in their negotiations. The most important finding presented here suggests that clarity of language and transparent discussion of key value‐representative terms may aid in stakeholder negotiations, and that minority stakeholders may be more aware of values and language differences than their majority counterparts.     

稻田水中莠去津及其代谢物的硅烷基衍生化-气质联用分析法

目的建立稻田水中莠去津及其代谢物去乙基莠去津（DEA）、去异丙基莠去津（DIA）和双去烃基莠去津（DDA）的灵敏的气质联用分析方法。方法稻田水样品用GDX501大孔树脂进行固相萃取,萃取物用N,O-双三甲硅烷基乙酰胺（BSA）进行三甲硅烷基衍生化,衍生物用选择离子监测的气质联用法分析。结果稻田水中4种分析物的检出限和测量限都不高于2ng/mL。结论该方法可用于刑事案件中莠去津毁坏稻田案件的检验。     

Evaluation of Nile Red‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Developing Water‐Soaked Fingerprints on Thermal Paper

Nile red has been an alternative reagent for detecting latent fingerprints on wetted substrates. However, the presence of methanol in nile red solution could make injury to handlers and destroy the traces on surfaces, such as texts on thermal papers. A novel small particle reagent formulation constituting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) based on nile red was prepared to overcome the problem. Compared with the conventional reagents Oil Red O or nile red solution, the nile red‐loaded MSNs are highly selective to lipid residues of fingerprints and showed a greater ability to develop clear, sharp, and detailed fingerprints on thermal papers after these were immersed in water. In addition, it can retain texts on the thermal papers well and use only water as a solvent. These suggested that nile red‐loaded MSNs are a safe, efficient, and convenient method to develop latent fingerprints on wide range of substrates of forensic importance.     

水权的界定及其法律性质分析

随着水资源在人类生产、生活以及生态、环保等方面重要作用的日益凸显,随着人类对水资源需求量日益增加与水资源总量相对有限的矛盾的日益加剧,随着人类对水资源危机认识的不断加深,人们越来越重视水资源的开发、利用与管理,水权制度因其在提高水资源利用效率上的重要作用,尤其成为人们关注和研究的焦点.文章通过对水权概念的分析,将水权定义为水资源的使用权,并将水权的性质界定为他物权及准物权,进而认定为公法性私权.     

Challenges in Implementing Justice Research in the Allocation of Natural Resources

Water reform in Australia has demanded that water usage for irrigation operates in an environmentally sustainable manner. It has resulted in the need to reduce allocations in some local communities, and to date government policy has relied on economic instruments to take the lead in developing equitable processes to do this. A series of community-based justice studies were undertaken and demonstrated that it is possible to derive a package of actions, which reflect the fairness judgments of the vast majority of the community. However, the implementation of these actions within the decision-making process has proven to be a more complex matter. This paper discusses four professional, methodological, and ethical challenges for all justice researchers. It concludes by noting the applicability of this form of research in other natural resource allocation dilemmas. Therefore it is imperative that justice researchers confidently insert themselves in to environmental policy debates. Only in this way will the social criteria for triple bottom line accounting for sustainable development be adequately represented.     

健全我国水污染防治法中的应急制度

现代法治发达国家处置环境突发公共事件的经验表明,国家预防和处理环境突发性公共事件的实效与环境应急机制的法制化及科学化程度密切相关."松花江水污染"事件暴露出我国水污染应急机制的诸多弊端,但这些弊端经过合理的制度设计是可以避免的,建议修订《环境保护法》和《水污染防治法》的相关规定,在我国尽快建立并完善以重点流域为单元的突发性水污染事件应急处理制度.     

发展城市中水系统的初步探讨

在总结国内外中水系统技术及其应用实践的基础上,结合我国城市水资源现状和污水处理状况,探讨城市发展中水系统的必要性和有利条件,并从城市的实际出发,对城市中水系统的发展,包括宾馆、污水处理厂和小区中水系统试点工程,提出建设性的对策和建议,以促进城市污水资源化进程。     

论水资源开发利用中的生态安全保护问题--以西部"圈水运动"为例的分析

不理性地大规模开发利用水资源会带来巨大的生态安全风险。面对2003年我国西部"圈水运动"对生态环境的威胁,现行法律基本上处于失语状态,没有从制度上提供有效的规制。我国自然资源开发利用中的唯技术主义思想,地方政府经济利益上的独立以及环境资源管理的条块分割是产生上述问题的社会背景和促成上述事件的根本动因。如果不摈弃自然资源开发利用中的工程技术政策导向,正视并保障地方的合理利益诉求,建立协调的环境资源管理体制,水资源开发利用中的生态安全保护法律规定就不可能得到遵守,类似的事件也会再度发生。     

Serum strontium estimation as a diagnostic criterion of the type of drowning water

The estimation of serum strontium in rabbits before and after death by drowning, in soft or hard water, or by barbiturate intoxication is highly promising as a method in medicolegal practice. It not only diagnoses drowning but also indicates the type of drowning water. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a good method for the estimation.