加大改革力度 缓解水资源危机—关于缓解吉林省水资源短缺状况的几点建议

2000年,吉林省遭受了有气象记录以来的罕见旱灾,致使城乡经济蒙受巨大损失。从根本上改变这一状况,政府责无旁贷。在市场经济条件下,政府应在管水用水治水方面加大改革力度,实现水资源的合理配置。国内外实践表明,对城乡防洪、排涝、蓄水、用水、节水、污水处理及回用等涉水事宜进行统一管理,是符合经济社会发展要求的,也有益于经济社会的可持续发展。     

大体积水系中微量农药的固相萃取柱选择

目的选择适用提取水样中微量有机农药的固相萃取柱。方法考察了HLB、GDX403、GDX103、C18、C8、C6等6种固相萃取柱提取水体中甲拌磷、治螟磷、残杀威、呋喃丹、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的回收率。结果采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱提取水体中常见21种农药,回收率均基本达到60%以上。结论该方法可用于实际案件大体积水系中微量有机农药的提取检测。     

The Karoo and eco-inflections of fracking: preliminary notes on literary imagination

The awareness of the “planet in peril” has never been more acute in a South African context than today, when the imminent extraction of shale gas through the process of hydraulic fracturing (known as “fracking”) in the Karoo has gained traction in the public mind. At least two broad dimensions are involved. The first, based on the logic of petro-modernity and its profligate culture, is framed within a seductive, neoliberal narrative of industrial progress and economic development. The second is framed as outright resistance to the inevitable environmental damage caused by this petro-industrial venture. This study reflects on how literature might intervene in this bipolar debate. Alfred Jackson’s Manna in the Desert, Pauline Smith’s The Little Karoo, and Etienne van Heerden’s “Poison Karoo” employ the trope of water to stimulate an ethical vision. Materially, water is imagined in its apparent scarcity as a feature of the delicate ecosystem of the Karoo, a vast arid landscape of drudgery, where life forms compete for the limited resource. Allegorically, water signifies as safely concealed, subterranean abundance. The Karoo, possessing more than its external features account for, is a place of beauty and mystical presence where life is sustained and preserved. It is within these significations that the environmental and social repercussion of fracking is inflected. Literature can bridge the divide between the narrative of progress and the counternarrative of ecological consciousness by way of highlighting their contradictions. But it also complicates these contradictions by valorizing their ethical potentiality.     

Stages of PPP and Principal–Agent Conflicts: The Swedish Water and Sewerage Sector

The focus of this article is on public–private partnerships (PPPs). The aim is to both theoretically and empirically illustrate PPP agency problems in four PPP stages, as well as to identify potentially relevant solutions to the agency problems. The study employed a longitudinal case study of one PPP in a municipality in southern Sweden. Through an analysis based on interviews, observations, and documents, the study illustrates a number of agency problems faced by PPPs and highlights the importance of resource allocation, stakeholder management, and the creation of a common identity in reducing these problems.     

Understanding Turkish water nationalism and its role in the historical hydraulic development of Turkey

Turkey is fully engaged in its “hydraulic mission,” very extensively and rapidly “developing” water resources throughout its territory. The extensive hydraulic development attempts conducted by the Turkish government create local, national, inter-state, and transnational contestations among the different interest groups. A great deal of scholarly literature has analyzed the rationale behind Turkey’s massive-scale hydraulic development. While some studies link Turkey’s hydraulic mission to its energy and food security, others highlight the importance of domestic conflicts, as in the case of the Kurdish issue in the southeast. However, few works examine the relationship between hydraulic development and state- and nation-making processes in the early period of the republic. This paper seeks to analyze the role of hydraulic development in state- and nation-making in the context of Turkey by looking at the institutional documents published by official authorities and speeches made by key politicians. Drawing mainly upon the theory of water nationalism and its related conceptual frameworks, this study argues that hydraulic development has formed one of the important components of the modernization process in Turkey, thereby playing a significant role in its state- and nation-making processes.     

GC/MS法快速分析鱼塘水中的硫丹

目的建立一种快速、高效、便捷、绿色的分析方法来分析鱼塘水中的硫丹。方法在该实验中采用分散液液微萃取的方法来提取鱼塘水中的硫丹,该方法是一个新型的预处理方法,首先将最合适的分散剂和萃取剂快速的注射到样品溶液中,随即形成了悬浊液。由于在悬浊液中萃取剂能迅速的分散到样品溶液中并与被分析物充分接触,被分析物能很快的从样品溶液中转移到萃取剂中完成萃取过程,经过离心后,沉积物直接用GC-MS进行分析。同时还对本方法中分散剂和萃取剂种类、用量以及萃取时间等重要的实验参数进行考察优化。结果在优化的实验条件下,鱼塘水中硫丹的回收率基本能达到90%以上,检出限为0.005μg/m L,定量限为0.017μg/m L,在0.02~0.20μg/m L的z范围内线性关系良好。结论该方法的准确度和精密度较好,操作简便、快捷、绿色环保,能够基本适合鱼塘投毒案件中硫丹的分析检测。     

公共政策绩效损失的实证分析--以G省农业水价综合改革政策为例

绩效管理的核心目的是改进绩效,而绩效损失这一分析视角业已成为审视绩效生产与绩效提升的一个重要维度。以G省农业水价综合改革政策为例,对“治理缺陷型”和“价值偏离型”两类绩效损失的生成机理与影响因素进行分析。研究发现:两类绩效损失是在公共政策组织管理系统和公共价值建构系统中交互形成的,其公共价值因素与组织管理因素相互影响,共同作用于整体绩效损失的生成;其中,社会价值建构缺失构成了整体绩效损失生成的逻辑起点。此外,在绩效损失的生成过程中,经济发展水平和自然区位要素与其他影响因素耦合互动,并对绩效损失产生“放大效应”。未来应进一步开展相关的定量研究以探索绩效损失形成的关键区域,并提出具有针对性与可行性的矫正策略和治理路径。     

Water privatization,hegemony and civil society: What Motivates Individuals to Protest About Water Privatization?

The article takes the case of protest against water privatization in Ireland to show that protestors with high levels of instrumental motivation as opposed to ideological motivation are more likely to protest. In order to explain this we uniquely combine Klandermans’ social psychology of protest with Gramsci’s theory of hegemony. By bridging these two bodies of theory, we provide an interdisciplinary account of the reason why protestors serve to uphold the exact power structures they intend to challenge. We argue that for water movements to be successful they must focus equally on both their instrumental and ideological motivations to ensure that power structures are confronted. This would enable movements to devise a coherent counter-hegemonic discourse, which is essential to contest the dominant global hegemony of water marketization.     

牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病的流行病学调查

为了调查我国牛新孢子虫和弓形虫的感染情况,应用新孢子虫酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和弓形虫间接血凝试验(IAT)分别检测了来自国内10个省(市、自治区)的262份乳牛、10份肉牛和40份水牛血清。结果显示,乳牛新孢子虫的抗体阳性率为17.2%,弓形虫的抗体阳性率为2.3%,没有检测到既有新孢子虫抗体又有弓形虫抗体的乳牛血清。各牛场所检乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率在0~34.4%之间。在水牛和肉牛血清中未检测到新孢子虫抗体和弓形虫抗体。流产乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率为20.2%,未流产乳牛为16.1%,其中血清抗体阳性乳牛主要在妊娠中晚期流产。各个年龄段乳牛血清的抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同妊娠胎次的乳牛血清抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05)。确认新孢子虫病在国内大部分牛场存在。