The Limitations of Water Regulation: The Failure of the Cochabamba Concession in Bolivia

This article examines the limitations of governmental capacity to regulate private sector participation in urban water supply in developing countries through an analysis of the most dramatic failure to date of a major franchise contract for supplying water and sanitation services to a large city – the 40-year concession awarded in September 1999 to Aguas del Tunari (AdT) in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Five months later, the population rioted against water tariff increases and the contract was cancelled. The paper analyses the background, context and factors that explain the failure of the concession and seeks to draw lessons for the regulation of future concessions.     

美国水污染控制立法的经验与教训及对中国的启示

通过对美国水污染控制立法近60年来的历史回顾,剖析了美国在水污染控制立法方面的经验教训,提出了对我国水污染防治法的借鉴,以期促进我国水污染防治立法和彻底改善我国严峻的水污染形势.     

人工影响天气的法学思考

我国是自然灾害多发的国家,随着科学技术的不断进步,人工影响天气在减少自然灾害、改善天气状况等方面发挥越来越大的作用,目前对其理论研究及制度设计均显不足。本文对人工影响天气作用的主要对象和人工影响天气权的法律性质进行了界定,对如何完善人工影响天气行为的法律框架进行了初步的探讨。     

大体积水系中微量农药的固相萃取柱选择

目的选择适用提取水样中微量有机农药的固相萃取柱。方法考察了HLB、GDX403、GDX103、C18、C8、C6等6种固相萃取柱提取水体中甲拌磷、治螟磷、残杀威、呋喃丹、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的回收率。结果采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱提取水体中常见21种农药,回收率均基本达到60%以上。结论该方法可用于实际案件大体积水系中微量有机农药的提取检测。     

Understanding Turkish water nationalism and its role in the historical hydraulic development of Turkey

Turkey is fully engaged in its “hydraulic mission,” very extensively and rapidly “developing” water resources throughout its territory. The extensive hydraulic development attempts conducted by the Turkish government create local, national, inter-state, and transnational contestations among the different interest groups. A great deal of scholarly literature has analyzed the rationale behind Turkey’s massive-scale hydraulic development. While some studies link Turkey’s hydraulic mission to its energy and food security, others highlight the importance of domestic conflicts, as in the case of the Kurdish issue in the southeast. However, few works examine the relationship between hydraulic development and state- and nation-making processes in the early period of the republic. This paper seeks to analyze the role of hydraulic development in state- and nation-making in the context of Turkey by looking at the institutional documents published by official authorities and speeches made by key politicians. Drawing mainly upon the theory of water nationalism and its related conceptual frameworks, this study argues that hydraulic development has formed one of the important components of the modernization process in Turkey, thereby playing a significant role in its state- and nation-making processes.     

浅析唐诗中的“水月”意象

月是唐诗中出现次数最多的意象之一,特别是其中的“水月”意象——由于其中“水”、“月”相得彰益的视觉特点迎合了我国古代文学推崇的阴柔、含蓄的审美观,形成了“水月”意象的基础原因。因此,在唐诗中诗人常常借助“水月”这一复合意象抒发复杂的情感。     

我国水污染犯罪的立法缺陷及其完善

近年来,水污染犯罪问题日益呈现,然而现行刑法对此问题的规范却极不完善。纵观国外的立法,我国刑法可采用修正案形式规定水污染犯罪的主观罪过、行为犯、危险犯和刑罚等,以弥补在这方面的缺憾。     

Fatal Penetrating Injuries Sustained by High-pressure Water Jet Unit

The high-pressure water jet unit is a generator of frequent burst of water jets. The water jet reaches very high speeds and is able to cause wounds similar to those of high-velocity projectiles. In the presented case, unusual fatal injuries sustained by water jet are presented. Operating with the unit, an untrained worker accidentally activated a high-pressure water jet unit, and the extremely high pressure of water liberated the jet unit from his hand and whirled it around him. A jet stream of water ran across his body and caused fatal penetrating injuries in the femoral region. The edges of the wound were mainly sharp with contusion rings on the skin beyond the edges. Exploring the inside of the canals during the autopsy, the left femoral artery and vein were found to be completely transected. The resemblance to a firearm entry wound and the severity of the internal injury make it a noteworthy entity.     

Explaining Levels of Local Government Involvement in Service Delivery: The Dynamics of Cross‐Sector Partnerships in Malawi

This study explores how local governments and their development partners—that is, donors, non‐governmental organisations and private companies—structure their partnerships as they work together to provide services to communities. Cases of collaboration between four organisations working in the rural water supply sector and six local governments in Malawi are studied. Using a cross‐case qualitative methodology, we illustrate how power and control translate into practices, leading to different levels of local government involvement in service delivery. This study contributes to the literature on cross‐sector partnerships in particular by developing empirically‐based propositions that help explain the dynamic trajectories that partnerships between local governments and their development partners can take. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

External and Internal Consistency of User Evaluations

User evaluations may be useful to improve the quality of public services if they are consistent with service characteristics (i.e., external consistency) and user satisfaction (i.e., internal consistency). This article analyses the internal and external consistency of user evaluations of water services in Nicaragua. Internal consistency is assessed through item-total correlations, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and factor analysis. External consistency is analyzed through ordered logit and regression models. Results show a considerable degree of internal consistency. However, user evaluations are only partially consistent with service performance as personal characteristics also influence individual perceptions of the overall service, water pressure, system reliability, and water quality.