西部民族地区城镇化建设中税收优惠的法律经济学研究

本文在分析现阶段西部民族地区的税收优惠政策及其局限性的基础上,从法律经济学效益最大化的思想出发,指出在西部民族地区城镇化建设的税收优惠中必须依法治税,应当赋予部分西部民族地区政府地方税收立法权,还要落实西部民族地区自治机关的税收管理自治权。     

Integrating Concerns with Climate Change into Local Development Planning in Cambodia

Integration of climate change adaptation with development planning at multiple scales is widely seen as preferable to reactive, fragmented, or highly centralized responses. At the same time, there are growing concerns on when intervention is most appropriate, the transaction costs of coordination, and the adequacy of institutional capacity at local levels, especially in developing countries. This article examines entry points and mechanisms for integrating concerns with climate change into local development planning in Cambodia. An institutional ethnography of the planning process indicates that subnational planning is participatory and flexible; and thus, provides plausible entry points to integrate climate change concerns. Case study methods applied to two externally supported, climate‐resilient development projects identify promising mechanisms and strategies, as well as obstacles to integration. A vulnerability reduction assessment tool and top‐up grant scheme both included promising deliberative and participatory elements from which lessons for future and elsewhere can be drawn. At the same time, key stakeholders concede that local integration more widely is hampered by multiple obstacles, including weak institutional capacity, low community participation, and lack of resources and incentives. Addressing these challenges requires political commitments for good governance, capacity development, and additional resources.     

论民族地区税源与税收收入的背离问题

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》出台,标志着我国新一轮税收制度改革进入重要阶段。税收制度中的深层次矛盾也日益凸现。其中,税收制度中的税源与税收收入背离问题尤其值得关注。本文以民族地区为视角,研究地区税源与税收收入存在的背离现象,并对这种背离带来的问题进行分析,以之为基础,提出相应的解决思路和政策建议。     

简论监狱企业的税收筹划

税收筹划是纳税人在税收法律法规的框架内,为实现自身价值最大化或股东权益最大化,通过对经营、投资、筹资等活动进行旨在减轻税负的谋划与对策。随着我国市场经济的深入发展和监狱体制改革工作的有序推进,监狱企业将由过去的受国家税收优惠政策保护向参与市场公平竞争转变。因此,做好监狱企业的税收筹划工作十分重要和迫切。     

促进共同富裕的财政政策选择

推动共同富裕对于经济增长具有重要意义,并会产生深远的社会影响。促进共同富裕进程中财 政政策作用的发挥及政策选择值得关注。研究认为,共同富裕既要实现总体富裕,也要高度重视合理的收入分 配。推进共同富裕要在保持宏观经济稳定、可持续增长的基础上实现收入分配公平,群体之间收入分配要做到“抬 低、扩中、限高”,实现东北、东部、中部、西部区域均衡发展,实现农村共同富裕,实现精神和物质共同富裕。 研究建议,应积极拓展完善税收、支出和社会保障三大财政政策,推动实现共同富裕。     

房地产市场税收调控的合法性:困境与重构

近年来的房地产市场税收调控措施,普遍存在合法性问题。根源在于,税收法定主义与税收调控之间存在逻辑与现实的悖论,传统税收法定主义逻辑不适宜解释和构建税收调控的合法性。在合法性控制上,财政税与调控税的合法性标准应有所不同。鉴于税收宏观调控的不确定性,应对其施以灵活性的合法性机制,一方面是税收调控法定主义,赋予行政机关一定的税收立法权,完善税收授权立法制度;另一方面是建立税收调控决策程序的三方参与机制,拓展税收调控的合法性框架。     

Comprehensive Performance Assessment and Public Services Improvement in England? A Case Study of the Benefits Administration Service in Local Government

The purpose of this paper is to independently evaluate the impact of the Comprehensive Performance Assessment regime on one particular public service, namely the provision of council tax and housing benefits distributed by local authorities throughout the course of the regime. This service was assessed in every iteration of the CPA methodologies and it included one of the few key performance indicators (KPIs) where the definition of the performance indicator, the means of collection and the public reporting of its results, remained the same throughout the CPA period between 2002 and 2008.

The findings show that there were considerable and consistent improvements in benefits administration nationally within England and across all of its regions. The paper then investigates a series of propositions. Whether there was any significant variations in the performance of larger as opposed to smaller authorities, or between predominantly rural authority areas and urban authorities or between authorities with different party political control. Finding no significant differences the research suggests implementation of the CPA regime itself appears to have had a catalytic effect upon the performance of the benefit administration services within local authorities throughout this period. The paper therefore concludes with a brief discussion as to whether the findings support the theoretical position of proponents of neo-institutionalism isomorphism or more traditional rational actor theories of public choice.     

Why Are Some States More Generous in Offering R&D Tax Credits than Others? An Empirical Answer

This article examines political cost factors that affect a state's propensity to adopt a corporate income tax credit to encourage research and development (R&D) activities in the United States. Assuming state elected officials are vote-maximizers, this article hypothesizes that politicians' consideration of potential revenue losses and influence from organized interests are critical in a state's decision to provide a R&D tax credit. To test the hypothesis, two statistical models are specified. With a dichotomous dependent variable of whether or not a R&D tax credit is offered, a Logit regression model is utilized. For the interval level dependent variable of effective R&D credit rates, this article specifies a Tobit model. The results show that politicians' concerns about revenue losses loom much larger than private organized interests.     

Trust and Tax Compliance Among Malaysian Working Youth

A high level of tax morale is necessary in promoting tax compliance among the public, including youth who tend to have a low sense of responsibility. The current tax system and working youth segment of Malaysia are first explained. Based on the relevant literature on taxation, important factors that influence trust and the resulting tax compliance are conceptualized in a research model. An online survey was administered on youth throughout Malaysia that resulted in 2,030 usable responses, of which 500 were used in testing the model. The empirical results from using partial least squares analysis show that one of the two trust variables and tax knowledge are significant determinants of tax compliance. In addition, youth in the registered taxpayers group exhibited a greater level of compliance intention than non-registered youth.