论教育评价在教育中的作用

教育评价是对教育活动效果的价值上的判断,它以教育测量为基础。教育评价对于教育活动质量的提高,教育目标的实现有着重要的不可替代的作用。近年来我国教育评价工作取得了一些成绩,同时也存在一些主要问题,从而影响了我国教育改革的发展步伐。     

Asia–Pacific news

This column provides a country by country analysis of the latest legal developments, cases and issues relevant to the IT, media and telecommunications' industries in key jurisdictions across the Asia Pacific region. The articles appearing in this column are intended to serve as ‘alerts’ and are not submitted as detailed analyses of cases or legal developments.     

An analysis of science–industry collaborative patterns in a large European University

Our paper analyses the modalities according to which a large European university collaborates with firms by exploring its relational portfolio. We address this issue by exploiting a database that lists more than 1,000 firms having collaborated with the University Louis Pasteur (ULP) between 1990 and 2002. We first observe the relative importance of four collaborative channels (private contracts, European contracts, co-publications, co-inventions) across the whole population of firms. Second, using a multi-correspondence analysis, we derive a typology of collaborative patterns which underline the discriminating features of the frequency of interactions, of the exclusive versus open character of the relationships and of the nature of the collaborative channels. Four coherent classes emerge from particular combinations of these relational characteristics. Finally, using multinomial logit estimation, we show how this diversity of partnerships is connected to some individual attributes of the firms: size, status, sector and location.

美术治疗中的儿童绘画评价——基于系统论的视野

在系统论的视角下,儿童绘画评价既是美术治疗中的一个重要因素,同时也是一个有机的系统.在美术治疗中,儿童绘画评价要立足于治疗过程中治疗师与儿童的互动关系,综合考量儿童所处的生活背景对儿童的"绘画动机"、"绘画过程"和"绘画作品"的影响,进而对儿童的行为表现等作出全面、系统的诊断和评价,最终制定和实施有针对性的治疗方案.     

食品安全立法技术的限度及其修正

目前,食品安全立法技术是基于完全理性论基础上制定的,这种立法理念是相信人拥有完全理性认识能力,对一切事物采取正面看法,其立法技术特征是以增进善为立法目的,因而在力图表明技术指标确定性的同时,导致了片面性。科学哲学家波普尔、库恩的有限理性论则认为,衡量一种理论科学地位的标准不是可证实,而是可证伪性或可反驳性,在此立法理念指引下的立法技术特征表现为:立法目的并不一定会增善,但却可以减少恶。因此,以有限理性论为分析视角,可修正立法技术,使立法技术指标不仅具有确定性,更具有全面性。     

被重塑的世界？ChatGPT崛起下人工智能与国家安全新特征

ChatGPT作为人工智能发展新的里程碑,在语言表达、自我强化等方面表现突出,展现出生成式人工智能的广泛运用前景,在多领域引起广泛关注,以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能将会可预期地改变国家安全态势。在意识形态安全层面,对生成式人工智能的恶意运用使渗透方式更加多元,渗透效能更加显著。在国际舆论层面,对生成式人工智能的大规模使用将进一步使舆论场复杂化。在国家实力发展层面,生成式人工智能将继续拉大国家实力差距,国内公共权力与权威进一步分散。在军事安全层面,生成式人工智能赋能战场信息收集和战场指挥,国家之间的认知战对抗能力重要性日益提升。在法律规范层面,当前生成式人工智能的责任主体不明晰,现有法律法规难以约束基于该技术开展的犯罪行为。在社会稳定方面,生成式人工智能冲击劳动力市场,重塑人才发展模式。面对新技术冲击下急剧变化的新安全态势,应建立更多元协同的创新和应用体系,在国际上共享发展成果,完善法律体系,推动该技术服务于国家利益发展与人类命运共同体的构建。     

论民营科技企业立法的完善--以贵州民营科技企业立法为例

民营科技企业是开展科技研究、科技成果转化的重要主体,其发展对一个地区的科技进步程度起着非常重要的作用。而民营科技企业立法对鼓励民营科技企业的设立、扶持民营科技企业的发展、促进民营科技企业从业人员的流入起着立法规范与促进作用。贵州省于1995年制订了《贵州省民营科技企业条例》,该条例为促进民营科技企业发展起到了重要的作用。但其中仍存在着不尽完善之处。进一步完善民营科技企业立法,对促进科技快速发展有着重要的意义。     

The Intensification and Bifurcation of Surveillance in British Criminal Justice Policy

This paper explores the relevance and applicability of recent theoretical developments in surveillance studies in the context of contemporary British criminal justice policy. It will be argued that surveillance now occupies a privileged position in official policy. In a raft of new policy initiatives undertaken either as part the general project to modernise the criminal justice system or in response to particular crises, the surveillant solution occupies the central stage. Thus, whether it be in response to anxieties over sex offenders, failures of social services in protecting children at risk, or the management of the prison population, for example, the policy response has been to increase the surveillance capacity of the state. In particular, in line with the new penology thesis we are witnessing an expansion of the generalised surveillance capacity, in relation to all citizens, which may be characterised as passive and reactive. Simultaneously, vestiges of the old criminology remain as an officially designated ‘hard core’ of persistent or problematic offenders subject to the full panoply of surveillance techniques, which are proactive, extensive and intrusive. Thus, we are witnessing both an intensification and a bifurcation of surveillance practice. This paper was prepared for the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research special edition on Fear vs. Freedom post 9/11-The European Perspective.     

A comprehensive 5-year evaluation of project 12-ways: An ecobehavioral program for treating and preventing child abuse and neglect

Evaluations of services designed to ameliorate the problems associated with child abuse and/or neglect (CAN) are relatively rare. The present investigation examines the impact of ecobehavioral services provided to families with extensive histories of CAN and examines the demographics of two groups of families. Project 12-Ways provides in-home ecobehavioral treatment to families referred by the state protective service agency. Impact data were collected and compared from families served by Project 12-Ways and families served by the stale protective service agency and other community programs. These data focused on the rates of CAN, placement of children outside of the parental home, and permanent termination of parental rights. Comparisons were made on pretreatment, treatment, and post-treatment rates. It was determined that both samples experienced significant decrements in CAN. While the two samples were equivalent in rates of CAN, data were presented showing differences in severity and priority of CAN which suggest that ecobehavioral services can be successful in reducing CAN. Thus, a heuristic model is available for evaluating CAN, including the manner in which the data were collected, the range of independent variables included, and the considerable span of the families' lives covered in the evaluation. These results suggest some modification of the way in which follow-up data are collected and used to change policy and practice.     

ASSESSING SUBSTANCE ABUSE QUESTIONS IN CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS

Substance use is rampant in contemporary society, but little attention has been paid to it in the context of child custody evaluations (CCEs). This article provides concrete suggestions for integrating issues about substance abuse into a more overarching CCE and discusses specific assessment strategies.