Troubling frames: Zapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as traumics

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the comics form in relation to its representation of perpetrator trauma. Specifically, the study considers a selection of Jonathan Shapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as biograph(y)ics, since the artist ‘commixes’ Pistorius’s life from his rise to athletic fame – through the court trials for his alleged murder of Reeva Steenkamp on 14 February 2013 – to his conviction followed by a thirteen-year jail sentence on 24th November 2017. In my reading of the panels, I draw on Hilary Chute’s notion of the ethics of testimony in illustrative art and Jacques Derrida’s theorising on hauntology and the revenant to argue that wrongdoers can also experience their crimes as trauma. This critical engagement enables me to read Shapiro’s panels as not merely reinforcing dominant interpretations of the fallen hero, but also as a means by which the cartoonist destabilises and reconfigures socially accepted notions of the villain.     

知情同意诉讼中的证据学:英美法的观察

在传统的医疗过失侵权诉讼中,为了体现行外人士对医疗这一专家型行业的尊重,医疗专家证言在诉讼中发挥着重要的甚至决定性的作用。知情同意诉讼,虽被归入医疗过失侵权诉讼,却提供了一个不同于传统的医疗领域——诊断治疗——的情景。知情同意的独特性改变了专家证言在诉讼中的格局。在知情同意诉讼中,医疗专家证言的参与度和重要性遭到削弱。以患者为取向的信息披露标准的建立意味着法律的关注点已从"专家"整体转移到"患者";对"医学判断"所管辖领域的精细分割也说明,医疗专家证言只应在证明医疗信息的感知和启用"医疗特权"上有应用价值,医疗信息的实质性判断已让位于一般人知识,而且对"医疗特权"的严格控制会缩减医疗专家证言的适用空间;因果关系的认定和选择影响到医疗专家证言和患者证言的地位变化,尽管存在"事后诸葛"效应,为了与知情同意法则之主旨相匹配,主观化的因果关系应是前进方向。     

新刑诉法背景下受贿案中行贿人翻证问题研究

行贿人的证言在受贿案件的证据体系中据有十分重要的地位，一旦行贿人翻证，与其证言相关的犯罪事实极有可能因无法做到“供证一致”而难以被认定。基于避免惩处危险、维护人际关系、平衡个体情感等特殊因素的考量，行贿人证言的稳定性相对较弱，其往往围绕案件的构成要件事实和取证程序等进行翻证。修改后的刑事诉讼法进一步完善了刑事证据制度、辩护制度等诉讼制度，但同时也给司法机关应对行贿人的翻证问题带来了更大的挑战。为此，可从具体操作和制度设计两个层面做好相应的准备工作。     

论我国拒证推定规则的完善——还其推定之本来面目

我国《证据规定》第乃条所规定的拒证推定规则没能够充分体现推定之基本特征，给予法官自由心证的空间过大，阻碍了拒证推定规则本身所具有的有利于实现诉讼经济等优势的发挥。《证据规定》第75条所规定的拒证推定规则应被还以推定之本来面目，并且其本身的运用不应使当事人之间的证明责任发生转移。     

论陈词证据及其定义

陈词认识论是当代西方哲学认识论的重要话题之一。对于陈词是什么,学者的意见存在分歧。可以将现有主流的定义分为三种类型:以科迪为代表的证据观;以弗里克为代表的思想表达观;以拉基为代表的思想交流观。通过对这三种类型定义的分析,可以看出语言交流行为是定义陈词的一个基本出发点。     

Mock-juror reactions to multiple interview presentation and rapport-building

ABSTRACT

In the UK and some US states, video-recorded investigative interviews of child victims/witnesses can be presented in court as the child’s evidence-in-chief. However, there is scarce advice or research on the effect that presenting different sections of the interviews may have on juror perceptions of the child’s testimony. Two aspects of testimony presentation are examined here: first, whether to show the rapport-building phase of the interview, and second, the presentation of multiple interviews (i.e. more than one interview with the same child). Participants (n?=?103) informed they were watching two interviews of the same child separated by a week had more positive perceptions of the child’s testimony than those informed they were watching just one extended interview with a ten-minute break. Also, those watching the rapport-building phase had less positive perceptions of the child’s testimony than those who did not watch this phase. Participants’ perceptions of the interviewer and their case progression decisions were mainly not related to the above presentational differences. Thus, (i) mock-jurors were not inherently biased against multiple interviews and (ii) decisions regarding whether or not to show the rapport-building phase in court may have significant effects on jurors’ perceptions of the child and their testimony.     

摇晃婴儿综合征:科学(与非科学)专家的一场真实交战

本文从科学和法律层面介绍了摇晃婴儿综合征的有关内容,就关于摇晃婴儿综合征的科学和非科学专家证言的可采性进行了评价,称在科学和非科学专家之间正在发生一场真实的交战。     

论民事诉讼中对证人证言的质证

当事人或其诉讼代理人在法庭上通过对证人证言进行质证,审判人员会对证人证言的真实性、合法性、关联性进行分析从而作出证人证言有无证明力及证明力大小的判断。由于我国在民事诉讼中对证人证言质证的主要法律规定存在有缺陷,导致我国在民事审判实务中对证人证言的质证流于形式。我国在民事诉讼立法上应当设立强制证人出庭作证制度和由审判长主持下的以当事人双方对证人询问为主的质证模式,才能提高对证人证言质证的质量并有利于人民法院对民事案件作出公正裁判。     

摇晃婴儿综合征:科学(与非科学)专家的一场真实交战

本文从科学和法律层面介绍了摇晃婴儿综合征的有关内容,就关于摇晃婴儿综合征的科学和非科学专家证言的可采性进行了评价,称在科学和非科学专家之间正在发生一场真实的交战.     

论新刑诉法司法鉴定问题的修改

2012年新《刑事诉讼法》对司法鉴定问题作出几处修改:将"鉴定结论"改为"鉴定意见",确立了生物样本采集制度,对鉴定人之出庭范围、人身安全保护、拒不出庭后果作出具体规定,并增设有专门知识的人参与刑事诉讼制度。修改之处在转变盲目依赖鉴定的观念、增强鉴定质证、吸纳当事人主义合理因素等方面呈现诸多亮点,但有关生物样本采集程序以及鉴定人出庭效果等方面依然有待完善。