Inconsistencies across repeated eyewitness interviews: supportive negative feedback can make witnesses change their memory reports

Past work shows that direct negative feedback and suggestive questioning can lead eyewitnesses to change their memory reports. Applying Gudjonsson’s [2003. The psychology of interrogations and confessions: A handbook. West Sussex: Wiley] model of interrogative suggestibility to interviews with witnesses, the present two experiments examined how indirect negative feedback delivered in a supportive manner from an interviewer can make witnesses change what they report they remember experiencing. After viewing a video of a crime, participants were interviewed twice, with either supportive negative feedback (i.e. with the interviewer sympathetically suggesting why many people’s memory may be inaccurate) or neutral feedback between the two rounds of questions. Results showed that people given supportive negative feedback changed significantly more of their responses than those given neutral feedback. Lower confidence ratings were associated with greater response change, but overall, despite having changed more responses, people given supportive negative feedback did not have reduced confidence or perceived accuracy. Type of feedback did not impact accuracy, and accuracy was not systematically related to confidence or perceived accuracy. Given the role that eyewitness reports play in the criminal justice system, better understanding factors that impact consistency and reliability is vital.     

年鉴条目的文体与文风

年鉴,是系统汇辑上一年度重要文献信息、逐年编纂并连续出版的资料性工具书.由于年鉴的性质和功能,年鉴大多为条目体,决定其条目的文体及文风.条目的记述文体与其它相近文体不同,而准确、简洁、质朴应为条目文风的要旨.     

The dynamic character of disguise behavior for text-based, mixed, and stylized signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if dynamic parameters (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differed for signing style (text-based, stylized, and mixed) and if signing style influences handwriting dynamics equally across three signature conditions (genuine, disguised, and auto-simulation). Ninety writers provided 10 genuine signatures, five disguised signatures, and five auto-simulated signatures. All 1800 signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet resulting in a database of each signature's dynamic characteristics. With genuine signatures, there were significant differences between styles for size, velocity, and pen pressure, and there were significant differences between genuine signatures and at least one of the un-natural signature conditions for all parameters. For velocity and size, these changes with condition were dependent on style. Changes with condition for the other parameters were similar for the three styles. This study shows that there are differences among natural signature styles and disguise behaviors that may be relevant in forensic signature examinations.     

PARENTING AND CRIME: AN EVIDENCE‐BASED REVIEW WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NEW ZEALAND FAMILY AND YOUTH COURT

This article explores the effect parenting can have on child development. It considers child attachment theory, various parenting styles, and specific child and family factors that contribute to a child's social and emotional development. The article concludes that good parenting and good outcomes for children do not happen by chance. The foundation must be planned and made secure.     

新世纪以来中国共产党的干部制度改革:基于制度文本的研究

本文从制度文本角度,对过去十多年中国共产党的干部制度改革进行了梳理,重点考察了"党管干部"原则的调整、干部选拔任用改革、干部监督管理改革。这些改革和调整是作为执政党的中国共产党面对新挑战、新问题所做出的,具有较强的针对性,但是,就制度的实际效力而言,还需要进一步的观察。     

毛泽东廉政思想的内容、特点及启示

毛泽东廉政思想是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分。毛泽东从分析官僚主义和腐败产生的原因入手,充分认识到廉政建设的重要性,提出从思想教育、作风建设、民主监督机制、法律法规建设四个方面加强廉政建设。这一思想具有鲜明的民族性、人民性和方法上的灵活性,仍是今天我们党进行廉政建设的重要指导思想。     

提高社会管理科学化水平研究

2011年2月19日胡锦涛在省部级主要领导干部社会管理及其创新专题研讨班开班式上明确提出了"提高社会管理科学化水平"的重大命题。其实,提高社会管理科学化水平在党内的探索从党的十六大以来已经展开,并经历了一个发展演进的过程。当前,提高社会管理科学化水平的紧迫任务是,必须抓紧理清社会管理与社会民生、社会管理与社会稳定、社会管理与社会组织、社会管理与社会参与、社会管理与社会发展等五大基本关系范畴。而共产党作为社会的执政党,通过主导管理格局、主导党群关系、主导基层基础、主导社会组织、主导虚拟社会、主导核心价值,事实上在创新社会管理、提高社会管理科学化水平中发挥着主导性作用。     

新媒体背景下的青少年生活方式探析

新媒体作为一种全新的社会力量,已逐步普及并渗透到社会生活的各个方面,深刻地改变着社会面貌,影响着人们的思维观念和价值取向。青少年是新媒体技术使用最为广泛、最为活跃的群体,探析新媒体对青少年的影响,应该同时考虑如何控制新媒体对青少年的负面影响。     

Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring Gendered Relationships

We use the NLSY97 dataset to examine the parenting‐delinquency relationship and how it is conditioned by parents’ gender, controlling for youths’ gender. Generally, neglectful and authoritarian parenting styles were associated with the highest levels of delinquency in youths. When the sample was split by parent gender, authoritarianism held up across both groups, but permissive and neglectful parenting was only significant for fathers. Independent of parenting style, boys have higher delinquency levels than girls. The strength and magnitude of this relationship is nearly identical in separate equations for mothers and fathers. Parental attachment was not a significant protective factor against delinquency for either mothers or fathers.     

40 YEARS OF CHINESE REFORM AND OPENING UP ALONGSIDE CHINESE CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY

China has a long history of constitutional jurisprudence, bearing different academic missions in different eras. China’s constitutional jurisprudence, characterized by its academic logic and principled nature, has not only facilitated social development and progress but also actively played academic functions during the Chinese reform and opening up. This paper considers the social changes during the last 40 years of the policy’s implementation as the background and, by employing standardized and literature analysis methods, combs the main progress and evolution of the knowledge system during the 40 years of constitutional jurisprudence study, followed by a look into its future.