国内领导风格研究综述

西方领导风格的研究始于上个世纪70年代,在学习、借鉴西方研究成果的基础上,国内学者运用个案研究、实证研究、比较研究等方法,在不同类型的领导风格研究方面形成了一批文献成果。领导风格量表解析了领导风格的概念结构,概念结构因子方面的差异是区分不同领导风格的评判依据。多个中介变量影响着领导者与被领导对象之间互动关系的建立与演变,一种领导风格发挥作用需要一定的情境条件,也存在失效的情形,要选择与组织文化匹配度高的领导风格。     

领导决策风格量表的修订与应用研究

领导者的决策风格是领导班子配置的重要依据。罗的决策风格量表是目前国际上使用较为广泛的决策风格量表之一。本项研究依据心理测量学的有关原理和罗的决策风格量表编制的有关理论 ,从我国国情出发 ,对罗的决策风格量表进行了修订 ,并根据各类决策风格与人的个性因素之间的关系 ,对修订后的领导决策风格量表进行信度和效度的检验 ,为领导人才的开发提供了有用的工具     

宪法未列举权利的文本模式及证成

宪法文本的有限性和权利体系的开放性使得对权利的完全列举是不可能的,现代社会的发展产生了新的权利需求,从而在宪法列举权利外产生了宪法未列举的权利。缺少未列举权利的宪法权利体系只是由有限的权利组成的封闭的权利系统,无法适应社会的发展和公民对权利的需求。基于宪法的根本法性质,宪法未列举权利指的是公民不可缺少的基本权利。权利是时代的产物,是个人生存条件的法律表达,保护宪法未列举权利既可以充分保障公民的基本权利,又能克服宪法文本的局限性。     

做好工会调查研究工作的意义、方法与着力点

调查研究,是我党一项基本工作方法和领导制度,亦是天津工会工作长期坚持的成功经验。面对复杂多变的国际国内环境、艰巨繁重的改革发展任务、职工群众过上更好生活的殷切期待以及大量发展中的新课题,该项工作已显得地位更重要、责任更重大、任务更繁重,各级工会干部,应努力提高这方面的意识,自觉用调查研究来为开创天津工会事业新局面奠定坚实基础。     

当前警风状况及警风建设浅探

警风的好坏与否直接反映出公安队伍的基本素质和执法的水平与能力。通过对当前警风状况的对比分析 ,更加凸现出抓好公安队伍的警风建设 ,不但有其内在的必要性和紧迫性 ,而且也是面对客观条件和外部环境的必然选择。改变队伍作风的关键是建立起科学化的警风建设长效机制。     

Effects of language mismatch in automatic forensic voice comparison using deep learning embeddings

In forensic voice comparison, deep learning has become widely popular recently. It is mainly used to learn speaker representations, called embeddings or embedding vectors. Speaker embeddings are often trained using corpora mostly containing widely spoken languages. Thus, language dependency is an important factor in automatic forensic voice comparison, especially when the target language is linguistically very different from that the model is trained on. In the case of a low-resource language, developing a corpus for forensic purposes containing enough speakers to train deep learning models is costly. This study aims to investigate whether a model pre-trained on multilingual (mostly English) corpus can be used on a target low-resource language (here, Hungarian), not represented by the model. Often multiple samples are not available from the offender (unknown speaker). Samples are therefore compared pairwise with and without speaker enrollment for suspect (known) speakers. Two corpora are used that were developed especially for forensic purposes and a third that is meant for traditional speaker verification. Speaker embedding vectors are extracted by the x-vector and ECAPA-TDNN techniques. Speaker verification was evaluated in the likelihood-ratio framework. A comparison is made between the language combinations (modeling, LR calibration, and evaluation). The results were evaluated by Cllr_min and EER metrics. It was found that the model pre-trained on a different language but on a corpus with a significant number of speakers can be used on samples with language mismatch. Sample duration and speaking style also seem to affect the performance.     

略论加强共青团干部作风建设的核心要求

各级共青团组织和干部作为党的助手、后备军和先锋队,其作风如何直接关系到党和人民的未来和千秋大业,各级共青团组织和干部作风总的来说是好的、积极的、向上的,但毋庸讳言,仍存在着诸多不足。要从加强思想作风、工作作风、领导作风和生活作风来加强和改进共青团作风建设,并论述了其核心要求。     

20世纪三四十年代宝鸡城市发展与社会变迁

20世纪三四十年代,陇海铁路修通至宝鸡,便利了与外界的交通往来,也为抗战全面爆发后沦陷区企业和难民内迁宝鸡奠定基础。在外来因素的刺激下,长期处于停滞状态的宝鸡社会经济开始发生显著的变化,在工商业繁荣的同时,传统的封闭社会也逐渐开放。电力作为照明应用于市民日常生活,河南人大量涌入宝鸡改变了当地人口结构并导致河南话成为官方交流语言,妇女也不再局限于家务劳动而进入工厂成为工人,西医医院大量出现扩大了就医范围。     

False confessions: The relative importance of psychological,criminological and substance abuse variables

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the relative importance of psychological, criminological, and substance abuse variables in differentiating between alleged false confessors and other prison inmates. The participants were 509 inmates newly admitted to all Icelandic prisons over a four-year period. Sixty-two (12%) of the inmates claimed to have made a false confession to the police sometime in the past. A discriminant function analysis was used to identify the variables that best discriminated between the alleged false confessors and the other prison inmates. Out of 17 psychological variables and 16 criminological and substance abuse variables, two variables (number of previous imprisonments and the score on the Gough Socialisation Scale) correctly classified 93% of the non-false confessors and 32.3% of the alleged false confessors, with a total classification rate of 82.7%. The findings suggest that among Icelandic prison inmates, antisocial personality characteristics and the extent and severity of criminal behaviour, as judged by number of previous imprisonments, are the best predictors of offenders claiming to have made a false confession to the police. The implication is that among some prison inmates, making a false confession is a part of their criminal life style.     

Assessment of child witness statements using criteria-based content analysis (CBCA): The effects of age,verbal ability,and interviewer's emotional style

Abstract

The goal of the study was to determine what effects age, verbal ability (assessed with WISC-R Vocabulary), and interviewer's emotional style would have on the occurrence of Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) criteria. Children (N = 68) from three different age-groups (7–8, 10–11, and 13–14 years) made both a true and a false statement concerning a mildly traumatic event. The correct classification rate was 66%. Age and verbal ability were found to increase the occurrence of some of the CBCA criteria irrespective of the truthfulness of the statements. Also, different criteria differentiated between true and false statements in different age groups. Interviewer behaviour also affected the occurrence of the criteria. It is concluded that the CBCA should not be used in court proceedings in its present form.