论辩护律师的法庭地位——以律师与法官的关系为视角

有关辩护律师法庭地位的理论学说,大体可归纳为辩护人系司法机关、辩护人系当事人的利益代理人和辩护人系限制的司法机关三种类型。我国对辩护律师法庭地位认识的变化,总体上经历了从司法机关理论到当事人利益代理人理论的转变过程。综合考虑我国对律师的管理及定位、我国刑事司法对实体真实主义的追求、刑事审判模式的职权主义传统及未来的改革走向等因素,我国刑事审判程序中辩护人的地位宜建立在限制的司法机关之理论基础上。     

Four women,for women: Caribbean diaspora artists reimag(in)ing the fine art canon

ABSTRACT

This article examines changing representations of women of colour within the realm of the visual arts and considers the aesthetic qualities, historical significance and cultural impacts of a diverse body of image-making spanning several centuries. The research focuses on selected works from the portfolios of the following four, early to midcareer artists of Caribbean heritage, whose nuanced depictions of black and brown womanhood in the twenty-first century have achieved international acclaim: American interdisciplinary artist Aisha Tandiwe Bell; American collagist Andrea Chung; French figurative painter Elizabeth Colomba; Danish photographer, video artist and performance installationist Jeannette Ehlers. The complex diasporic identities and imagery reflected in the oeuvres of these four contemporary artists are contrasted with fine art from earlier eras. The compositional, technical and social modalities of a number of notable works are assessed to determine why some have become celebrated images within the international canon and others have been deemed problematic.     

两岸关系和平发展重要思想初探

两岸关系进入和平发展阶段，虽尚处于初级阶段，但其发展的难以逆转趋势已成为普遍的共识。尽管如此，由于海峡两岸历经冲突、对峙、隔绝乃至有外力介入的长期历史，未来的两岸关系仍有可能出现曲折、复杂的态势。当此之时，加深对两岸关系和平发展重要思想形成的背景、理论意义认识并清醒地面对有可能出现的种种挑战，有助于巩固两岸关系和平发展局面并推动其深入发展。     

The Lethality of Female Suicide Bombers

Over the past 50 years, suicide bombings have become an increasingly common tactic of politically motivated violence, and a rising number of these attacks feature women perpetrators. Prior literature suggested that female-perpetrated suicide bombings occurring between 1985 through 2008 inflicted greater casualties, which may account in part for their increased use by terror groups. The current research project ascertains whether sex continues to predict the lethality of suicide bombing attacks perpetrated by terror groups over the decade leading up to 2016. The study utilizes secondary data sampled from the Global Terrorism Database (N?=?881) and the Chicago Project on Security and Threats (N?=?1,722). A negative binomial model regressing lethality against perpetrator and conflict covariates did not observe a statistically significant relationship between sex and lethality. Male and female suicide bombers demonstrated similar lethality in suicide bombing events between 2005 and 2016, although scatterplots suggest some aberration during the years 2009, 2010, and 2016. Pairwise comparisons of perpetrator sex by conflict observed some variation in the lethality of attacks, with female suicide bombers from Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq, and Iraqi rebel groups found more lethal than male suicide bombers from Boko Haram and the Nigerian rebels. The current research project contributes to the literature by demonstrating the evolving nature of terrorism and tactics relevant to the lethality of politically motivated violent attacks.     

对“政治建校”的四维解读

“政治建校”理念是一个内涵丰富的概念,深入理解这一概念需要从四个方面展开：一是“政治建校”的理论表达；二是“政治建校”制度体现；三是“政治建校”的器物呈现；四是“政治建校”的实践展现.     

论马克思主义中国化的必由之路

中国共产党90年来的经验教训集中到一点,就是马克思主义中国化,把马克思主义普遍真理与中国具体实际相结合是马克思主义中国化的必由之路。这条道路的逻辑前提是必须搞清楚马克思主义是什么,现实基础是必须认清中国国情;把两者结合起来的最终一环,就是要靠中国共产党人和中国人民在当时的具体实践中克服极＂左＂和极右两种错误思潮及教条主义和经验主义两种错误倾向,具体落实马克思主义普遍真理与中国具体实际相结合。坚持走这条道路,我们才能把中国建成有中国特色的社会主义的现代化国家。     

股东派生诉讼的合理性基础与制度设计

股东派生诉讼制度在多个方面突破了法律的一般规则 ,这不仅是法律因应保护少数股东权之现实需要而作出的变通 ,而且有深刻的制度背景、思想条件和政治学基础。我国股东派生诉讼制度尚付阙如的现状已严重影响了公司治理结构的改善。在导入该制度时应遵循保护少数股东权利、公司自治与国家干预相平衡、鼓励正当诉讼与防止投机诉讼相协调、借鉴国外先进经验与协调国内法律体系相兼顾原则 ,并将之落实在具体内容的构建之中。     

中国古代“才子佳人小说”论略——从西欧中古时期的“骑士传奇”谈起

骑士传奇是西欧中古时期历史文化的产物,由分封制所造成的社会结构、社会关系和社会生活的现实是其产生、发展的基础。所描绘的种种爱情故事,虽然显得荒诞离奇,然而总是与骑士制度有着种种联系,并在一定程度上表现出对人性的肯定。散文体骑士传奇是西欧近世小说的先导,至少从叙事形式和技巧方面为欧洲近世小说提供了范式。才子佳人小说是中国古代历史文化条件下的产物,中国中古以后不同于西方的社会体制,特别是唐代以来实行的决定中国知识阶层命运和思想状况的科举选官制度,是才子佳人小说创作产生和长期延续的基础。即使是那些耽于幻想的才子佳人小说中所描写的虚幻恋爱婚姻故事,也多少反映了中国古代知识阶层追求个性解放的愿望。清代前期中、长篇才子佳人小说兴盛的小说史意义,则在于巩固了《金瓶梅》发轫的以长篇小说描写现实生活的新传统和确立了长篇小说由文人独立创作的新格局。西方和东方这两种文学现象是基于两种社会体制所导致的历史文化的差异,从而证明了制度文化对文学的巨大影响,也提醒我们不能脱离历史文化背景研究古代的小说。     

政治文化视域下的日本二战史观

日本二战史观的形成,是由日本独特的政治文化决定的。在政治文化中,起决定作用的是"观念形态政治文化"——民族心理、宗教信仰和价值观念等因素。正是由于日本独特的民族心理、宗教信仰和价值观念,才造就了日本偏执的历史观和错误的二战史观。要想使日本政治文化朝着有利于反省战争罪责方向发展,就必须对日本政治文化进行改造,其途径是全球化的发展、中国的强大和日本内部的转变。     

Modeling and testing the diffusion of expectations: An EITM approach

This paper uses the empirical implications of theoretical models (EITM) framework to examine the consequences of the asymmetric diffusion of expectations. In the spirit of the traditional two-step flow model of communication, less-informed agents learn the expectations of more-informed agents. We find that when there is misinterpretation in the information acquisition process, a boomerang effect exists. In this equilibrium the less-informed agents’ forecasts confound those of more-informed agents. We apply the EITM approach to a key economic variable known to have a relation to economic fluctuations – inflation expectations. Using surveyed inflation expectations data for the period, 1978–2000, we find the boomerang effect exists. One implication of this finding pertains to economic policy and economic volatility: because policymakers have more information than the public, the boomerang effect can lead policymakers to make inaccurate forecasts of economic conditions and conduct erroneous policies which contribute to economic instability.