突破劳动价值论研究难关必须明晰的几个基本理论界限

价值源泉究竟是一元的还是多元的问题 ,是当前深化对劳动价值论的研究和认识中所遇到的一个具有关键性和根本性的“难关”问题。要突破这一“难关”,就必须首先明晰劳动价值论中的价值与其他领域和学科中的价值 ,生产要素中的物化劳动部分与活劳动部分 ,决定生产力的要素与决定价值的要素 ,马克思的财富观与价值观 ,以及商品的实物形式与活动形式等基本理论界限 ,从而在研究和探讨的基本理论前提上形成共识。     

经验传统与历史选择:英国早期人权进程分析

英国历史经常出现于学者们的视野中 ,但从人权的角度对其早期历史进行的研究尚不多见。之所以选取这一进路是希望通过本文对英国早期人权进程之初步探究 ,以期收到抛砖引玉之效 ,故不揣浅陋 ,见笑于方家。本文认为 ,英国人的人权进程具有早发性、经验性、稳定性、渐进性等不同于其他国家的特点。这与英国特殊的传统文化背景及地理环境有关系。从《自由大宪章》开始 ,到《权利请愿书》、《人身保护法》 ,再到《权利法案》 ,英国人权的早期历史发展状况 ,正证明了这一点。     

Slavery and capitalism

ABSTRACT

In this paper, I look at the relationship between slavery and capitalism through exploring the counterfactual of industrialization without slavery in the United States and by analyzing the deeper connection between slavery and capitalism. As we will see, slavery, and war capitalism more generally, played an important role in industrialization, and slavery and capitalism share an underlying connection that if obscured can facilitate higher levels of exploitation under capitalism at present.     

The Emergence of a New Taboo: The Desexualisation of Youth in Western Societies since 1800

Sexual abuse of children and minors is, nowadays, regularly highlighted in the media. As such, it became an offence, however, only during the nineteenth century, along with the development of a particular, child-like social role of juveniles. Before 1800, adolescents were less excluded from adult life including marriage and procreation. Sexual activities were also generally criminalised outside marriage. Statutes concerning child abuse had their origins in these laws, as well as in statutes extending the scope of rape to the abuse of immature girls. Along with the increase of the age of consent from 10–12 to approximately 16 in most countries, abuse of boys and sexual contacts other than intercourse have been included in these statutes. This movement, sometimes supported by moral crusades against immorality, occurred in most Western countries along with the extension of the school system, and with the acceptance of the view that adolescence should, as a distinct period of life, be devoted to the preparation for adult life. In recent years, the focus has shifted from combating immorality to the protection of vulnerable parties. Sexual contacts between juveniles have been gradually decriminalised, whereas recent moral crusades call for more tougher prosecution policies, bringing to the courts a higher proportion of cases, including those involving acts committed abroad and/or in the remote past.     

论美国人权外交的历史文化渊源

欧洲移民构成了早期美国社会的主体 ,美国政治文化的形成、发展过程深受移民母国文化的影响 ,并在北美特殊的环境中经历了变化和发展。追求自由、民主、平等和个人解放 ,以及新教伦理中“使命观”的价值取向等 ,影响了美利坚民族的形成 ,美国人自命对保护人权负有特殊的使命 ,美国的霸权主义人权外交就根源于此。     

中国古典诗学的“知音”论

"知音"难得,是古代诗人和诗论家常常慨叹的事情。这是由中国古典诗词的艺术特点和作者、读者主观、客观各方面的原因所决定的。古代诗论家在批评标准、批评态度、批评方法等方面都有不少论述,以期深入理解作者的用心,对作品做出正确评价。但由于文学作品的特殊形态,使批评者会产生种种不同的解说,有些虽未必合乎作者的原意,却会迎合不少读者的心理。     

"三个代表"重要思想与马克思主义理论创新

马克思主义具有与时俱进的理论品质."三个代表"重要思想既是马克思主义理论创新的最新成果,又为我们继续开展理论创新提供了强大的思想武器.     

“三个代表”:理论创新的伟大成果

江泽民同志“三个代表”重要思想,是对马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的继承和发展,是马克思主义中国化的最新成果,体现了中国共产党对马克思主义理论的创新。以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入研究与解决面临的各种问题,坚持理论创新、与时俱进,是我们加强和改进党的建设、不断夺取建设有中国特色社会主义事业胜利的根本保证。     

“三个代表”重要思想与理论创新

"三个代表"重要思想的提出,体现了我党对现代政党理念的新发展,体现了我党对时代潮流的新认识,是中国共产党人为维护和加强执政党的合法性、有效性、长期性所做出的最具有权威性的理论诠释.     

法律信仰何以可能

法律得以被信仰并不必然存在逻辑上的支持,西方式法律信仰是在特定历史时空下自发形成的。中国语境的法治建设不能简单地期待于西方式法律信仰,而要立足于本民族实际,探索出属于我们自己的法治道路。