“War Scar Literature” of Contemporary Japanese Literature——A Case Study of Social Novels of Toyoko Yamasaki

After the Second World War, some Japanese writers began to turn their writing focus to the War itself by referring to the literature and doing field studies. A rising number of realistic works, the so called “war scar literature” were then created focusing on war scenes, individual soldiers and social trends. One of the shared features of figures in these works was their real war experiences. Some figures, however, were presented too high profile, e.g, Tadashi Iki in Fumō Chitai. In such case, the literacy imagination tended to cover historical authenticity, which reflects a lack of complete and objective understanding of hurts brought about by the war. It may mislead the readers by forming a directed sense of nationalism. In this regard, literacy criticism is therefore necessary to help Japanese people to understand and reflect over the history.     

The Emergence of a New Taboo: The Desexualisation of Youth in Western Societies since 1800

Sexual abuse of children and minors is, nowadays, regularly highlighted in the media. As such, it became an offence, however, only during the nineteenth century, along with the development of a particular, child-like social role of juveniles. Before 1800, adolescents were less excluded from adult life including marriage and procreation. Sexual activities were also generally criminalised outside marriage. Statutes concerning child abuse had their origins in these laws, as well as in statutes extending the scope of rape to the abuse of immature girls. Along with the increase of the age of consent from 10–12 to approximately 16 in most countries, abuse of boys and sexual contacts other than intercourse have been included in these statutes. This movement, sometimes supported by moral crusades against immorality, occurred in most Western countries along with the extension of the school system, and with the acceptance of the view that adolescence should, as a distinct period of life, be devoted to the preparation for adult life. In recent years, the focus has shifted from combating immorality to the protection of vulnerable parties. Sexual contacts between juveniles have been gradually decriminalised, whereas recent moral crusades call for more tougher prosecution policies, bringing to the courts a higher proportion of cases, including those involving acts committed abroad and/or in the remote past.     

论美国人权外交的历史文化渊源

欧洲移民构成了早期美国社会的主体 ,美国政治文化的形成、发展过程深受移民母国文化的影响 ,并在北美特殊的环境中经历了变化和发展。追求自由、民主、平等和个人解放 ,以及新教伦理中“使命观”的价值取向等 ,影响了美利坚民族的形成 ,美国人自命对保护人权负有特殊的使命 ,美国的霸权主义人权外交就根源于此。     

"三个代表"重要思想与马克思主义理论创新

马克思主义具有与时俱进的理论品质."三个代表"重要思想既是马克思主义理论创新的最新成果,又为我们继续开展理论创新提供了强大的思想武器.     

略谈中国人类学重建以来的学科史研究

人类学学科史的研究是跟随学科实践之后进行的另外一种人类学学术活动.人类学在中国已有百年的历史,在人类学与民族学、社会学的关系,大陆与域外同行学术对话,社会科学本土化等议题方面,值得我们进行探讨和反思.     

时代剧变推动下近代史学演进大势(下)

三、封建帝制崩溃前后"新史学"的倡导和推进戊戌维新虽然被顽固派扼杀了,但戊戌运动由此开启的思想解放的潮流是阻挡不了的。至20世纪初年,由于空前民族危机的刺激以及逐步形成的共和革命思想的推动,中国思想界出现了急剧变化的局面,掀起了输入西方新思想、新学理,用以分析中国历史与现实问题,寻找救国道路的进步潮流。十年之间,雨后春笋般地刊行了大量译著、杂志和报纸。梁启超对当时情况有过生动的概括:"戊戌政变,继以庚子‘拳祸’,清室衰微益暴露,青年学子,相率求学海外。     

中国特色社会主义的历史定位和理论空间

中国特色社会主义是在毛泽东留下的三笔遗产的基础上开始探索的,经历了开辟中国特色社会主义新道路和创立中国特色社会主义新理论两个发展阶段。把这条道路和这个理论体系统一起来,是对中国特色社会主义的科学定位。中国特色社会主义具有足够的理论容量,也有巨大的创新空间。     

与时俱进的理论创新——以马克思恩格斯的革命策略思想演进为例

马克思恩格斯根据不断变化的资本主义经济政治发展的事实,不断调整无产阶级革命斗争策略,并最终完成从暴力革命转向和平过渡的重大理论突破,形成了关于无产阶级革命的性质、进程和策略的新思想,树立了一个与时俱进的理论创新的典范。     

关于理论创新的类型和着力点

理论创新是历史和时代赋予我们的重任。对理论创新的类型和着力点进行系统而深刻的研究,有助于我们对理论问题和现实问题作出独立性思考和创新性的思维。