我国社区矫正性质的新思考——以最近刑法、刑诉法修改为视角

两高、两部的通知文件,对我国社区矫正进行了界定,我国社区矫正的性质可以从根本属性上、目的上、手段与方式上等多重角度凸显出来。刑法修正案八的出台与刑事诉讼法的修改,不仅在法律上明确了社区矫正,还在适用条件、执行上作出了相应规定。在此大背景下,社区矫正的性质有了新的内涵:由惩罚性向康复性、由实质目的性转向形式法治性、由社会学意义上的"社会工作"转向为犯罪学意义上的"社会工作"。     

试论我国城市社区福利模式的建构

作者在文中对城市社区福利和社区福利模式等概念进行了界定,并从分析国外社区福利模式入手,通过阐述几种代表性社区福利模式在中国社区的适用性,结合中国城市社区发展现状,提出一种新的城市社区福利发展模式——市场偏重型社区福利模式,并着重论述了我国市场偏重型社区福利模式建立的现实基础、总体目标、具体目标和任务以及政府、市场和社区在社区福利建设中的职能和地位。     

国外社区服务刑述评及借鉴

伴随着各国探寻监禁刑替代措施的历程,社区服务刑在国外异军突起,并有扩大适用的趋势。社区服务刑在减少监禁刑适用、促进罪犯社会化和降低行刑成本等方面发挥着异乎寻常的作用。我国目前尚未将社区服务引入刑罚体系中,因此,深入研究国外刑法中的社区服务刑,借鉴其中的合理内核,对进一步健全和完善我国的刑罚制度和罪犯处遇制度无疑是大有裨益的。     

试析韩国的政治粉丝社团现象

以特定政治人为核心聚合起来的粉丝社团是韩国政党政治的新现象,在近十年的发展中对推动韩国政党政治发展发挥了重要作用。政治粉丝社团中,文化共享型与个人追随型社团政治色彩相对淡薄,而政党支援型、运动支援型等政治倾向型社团有着强烈的政治色彩,发挥着类政党的作用。年轻人的政治心理、政党有意推动、轰动效应、政治偏好、市民社会的发展是政治粉丝社团的成因。在政治生活中,这些社团发挥着宣传工具、党内制衡、代言工具和政治后备军的作用。同时,粉丝社团在发挥着政治"造星"功用的同时,也因过度竞争和论功行赏等试图影响政治的消极面而备受质疑。     

The Government's Plans for Decentralisation and Localism: A Progress Report

This article assesses progress on the coalition government's ambitious agenda for decentralisation and localism against six actions set out in the government's own guide to decentralisation. It critically examines the government's case that the previous government's centralised approach failed. The six actions cover reducing bureaucracy, community empowerment, more local control of public funding, provider diversification, more public scrutiny and stronger local accountability. The paper concludes that accountability is the most challenging and that progress is hampered by tensions between the actions and between government departments. It argues that the government needs a clearer, shared vision for localism going forward.     

Working with Complexity: Community Engagement and the Murdi Paaki COAG Trial 2002–2007

Achieving improvements in indigenous health and education and reducing the incidence of crime and domestic violence in indigenous communities has proved heartbreakingly difficult. The Murdi Paaki COAG trial in western NSW aimed to break this pattern of failure by tailoring flexible Commonwealth and State government support to indigenous communities, working within a framework of shared responsibility. In this article we assess the trial as a policy strategy by comparing outcomes and patterns of outcomes across the sixteen communities. We found that the strategy worked best where ‘good enough’ governance was aligned with flexibility, rather than with control. This way of working is difficult for governments as it can be a slow process, and requires stability in the policy and engagement framework to deliver results. More broadly, our findings confirm the usefulness of complexity theory to illuminate and to explain the evolution of process in administrative contexts involving networked governance.     

Multiple imaginations of the state: understanding a mobile conflict about justice and accountability from the perspective of Assyrian–Syriac communities

This article examines how the struggle for the recognition of genocide in the twentieth century opens up a political space which, on the one hand, generates historical discourses and imaginaries about the categories of victim and perpetrator and, on the other hand, redefines relationships between the state and its minority citizens. Genocide becomes a ‘critical event’, in the sense of Veena Das, that citizens from different ethnic, social and religious backgrounds use to express their positions concerning the repressive state practices they have been victims of. This expression creates a collective space of solidarity where parties support each other by adopting similar strategies in the struggle for state accountability. At the same time, it opens up a space for negotiation among the state, minority citizens and migrant communities regarding claims to rights and justice.     

社区矫正的安全价值及其实现

社区矫正蕴涵重要的安全价值。它一方面通过疏散监狱人口、激发罪犯的改造动力促进了监狱的安全,另一方面通过加强对罪犯的社会控制、促进罪犯人格的改善维护了社会的安全。为充分实现这一价值,首先要完善社区矫正危险管理体系,以避免罪犯违法犯罪行为的发生;其次采取行之有效的矫正方案,促进罪犯心理、行为的良性发展;再次要着力解决罪犯的生活困难,以产生长久的安全效应。     

新型社区——中国式社会管理的新载体

社会管理体制创新既是当前乃至今后一个时期各级政府面临的主要任务,也是一项崭新的执政课题。从当前的实际来看,积极推进新型社区组织建设,是社会管理体制创新的一个有效举措。新型社区是中国式社会管理的一个新载体,因而推进新型社区建设是对社会管理创新所做的有益探索。     

Sex Offender Community Notification and Community Stratification

Community notification laws have been passed by the federal government and legislature of every state. At the very least, these laws require local law enforcement officials to publicize the personal and residential information of known sex offenders. Although researchers and other social commentators have begun to assess the effects of community notification on targeted sex offenders and on criminal justice practices and practitioners, the potential consequences of the policy for different types of communities have received only scant attention. Using sex offender registry and US Census data for two states (Nebraska and Oklahoma), we examine the relationship between community characteristics and the residential patterns of sex offenders. Findings from mapping and regression analyses suggest a greater concentration of sex offenders in disadvantaged communities than in more affluent communities. To the extent that community notification allows residents of more affluent communities to mobilize resources in order to remove identified sex offenders, it may increase the geographical clustering of these offenders in areas already facing a greater risk and having fewer resources to manage the problem. Implications of findings in terms of “concentrated disadvantage” are discussed.