Identification and quantification of phenobarbital in a mummified body 10 years after death

Abstract: This article reports the determination of phenobarbital in the mummified body of a 56‐year‐old man found completely mummified 10 years after his death. When alive, he was being treated for epilepsy with phenobarbital, and the recent analyses, performed with both immunochemical techniques and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), have revealed the presence of this substance in various tissues: the mean content of barbiturate in the mummified liver tissue was 93 μg/g, 216 μg/g in the heart, 17 μg/g in the lungs, 12 μg/g in muscles, and 31 μg/g in the skin. Preliminary screening tests with immunochemical techniques to evaluate the presence of other drugs were also performed. The sample resulted negative for all substances tested. Phenobarbital can be identified and quantified thanks to its excellent chemical stability and a hypothesis of what the concentrations in the fresh tissue could have been has also been reported.     

Identification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense blends in the United States

Abstract: Synthetic cannabinoid agonists are chemically diverse with multiple analogs gaining popularity as drugs of abuse. We report on the use of thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of these pharmacologically active chemicals in street drug dosage forms. Using these approaches, we have identified the synthetic cannabinoids JWH‐018, JWH‐019, JWH‐073, JWH‐081, JWH‐200, JWH‐210, JWH‐250, CP47,497 (C=8) (cannabicyclohexanol), RCS‐4, RCS‐8, AM‐2201, and AM‐694 in various commercially available products. Other noncannabinoid drugs including mitragynine have also been detected. Typical concentrations of drug in the materials are in the range 5–20 mg/g, or 0.5–2% by weight for each compound, although many products contained more than one drug.     

Detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition

Skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. Following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. Bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that bone type was a main effect with respect to drug level for all analytes, with levels varying from 33- to 166-fold. Ratios of levels of drug to that of the corresponding metabolite were less variable, varying roughly one- to eightfold. This suggests limitations in the interpretive value of drug measurements in bone and that relative levels of drug and metabolites should be further investigated in terms of forensic value.     

应用iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS方法筛选大鼠DAI后脑组织差异表达蛋白质

目的应用相对和绝对定量同位素标记结合液相色谱-串联质谱法(isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer,iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS)筛选SD大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后脑组织差异表达的蛋白质,寻找诊断DAI的潜在生物标志物。方法参照Marmarou法建立DAI动物模型,分为空白对照组(n=4)、假打击组(n=4)和打击致死组(n=4),采用iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS技术对大鼠脑组织蛋白质进行检测,并对检测结果进行生物信息学分析及验证,筛选出差异表达的蛋白质。结果定量检测出2016种蛋白质,生物信息学分析显示其在细胞中分布广泛、功能多样,并且参与了多种生物过程,16种蛋白质在打击致死组具有差异表达,包括1种表达上调蛋白质和15种下调蛋白质;Western印迹法验证了iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS的结果。结论 iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS的检测技术筛选出大鼠DAI后脑组织中多个差异表达的蛋白质,不仅为深入探讨DAI后轴索损伤的发病机制提供了研究方向,也为DAI的诊断提供了潜在生物标志物。     

复方五仁醇胶囊主要含量质量控制的研究

目的:建立复方五仁醇胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1的RP-HPLC含量测定方法。方法:Lichrosphere C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m l/m in,柱温30℃,检测波长203 nm。结果:三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1分别在0.216~1.080μg(r=0.999 5)、0.820~4.100μg(r=0.999 9)和0.816~4.080μg(r=0.999 5)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为97.38%、96.41%和96.91%。结论:该法简便、准确、分离效果好、专属性强,可用于复方五仁醇胶囊的质量控制。     

薄层色谱法检测丁丙诺啡

目的建立丁丙诺啡薄层色谱分析方法。方法血浆先用乙醇除蛋白,尿、水剂样品则直接加pH10.8Na2CO3/NaHCO3缓冲溶液后用氯仿提取,提取液经净化浓缩后进行薄层色谱分析。结果选定碘化铋钾作显色剂,丁丙诺啡薄层色谱分析展开效果较好,检测灵敏度为0.5μg,血浆、尿液和水剂中检出限分别为0.7、0.7和0.6μg/ml。结论该方法适用于涉毒案件中丁丙诺啡的日常检验。     

固相萃取-GC/NPD检测血中毒鼠强

毒鼠强检血稀释后加入401树脂吸附,滤集树脂于小层析柱中,用二氯甲烷洗脱,洗脱液挥干加入内标物,用GC/NPD法检测毒鼠强的含量.     

全血中苯骈二氮杂类药物的胶束电动色谱法分析

目的建立用固相萃取胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定人体全血中苯骈二氮杂     

高效液相色谱法快速分离测定血浆中的乌头碱

目的建立血液中乌头碱的高效液相色谱快速分析方法。方法以空白人血浆添加乌头碱标准品对血液样品的前处理方法、仪器测试条件、线性范围、精密度、回收率进行全面考查,建立乌头碱定量分析方法。对血液中所含乌头碱的浓度进行测定。结果该方法在血液中的线性范围是0.1~5.0μg/m l;最低检测浓度为0.1μg/m l;日内、日间精密度分别小于3.7%和4.5%;回收率在(97.0±4.1)%以上。结论所建方法实用、便捷,可对血液中乌头碱的含量进行快速测定。     

HPLC测定葛根素微乳中葛根素的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定葛根素微乳中葛根素的含量。方法:色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS(4.6 mm×150 mm),流动相为甲醇-1 g/L枸橼酸水溶液(25∶75),测定波长250 nm,流速0.8ml/min,柱温为40℃。结果:葛根素与辅料及溶剂峰分离良好,在5.29-132.25μg/ml时线性关系良好(r=0.999 95)。结论:HPLC测定葛根表方法便捷、准确、重复性好,可用于葛根素微乳含量的测定。